Emissions from domestic solid fuel burning appliances

Technical Report No. 5
Environment Australia, March 2002
ISBN 0 6425 4867 6

Contents > Previous > Next

Key

Links to another web site
Opens a pop-up window

Appendix 2 - Survey Report from Strahan Research

A report to CSIRO on household wood burning, 1 November 2000

Strahan Research
Warrangun Pty Ltd
ABN 59 005 721 406
CSIRO Wood Burning Report.doc

201 Cardigan St
Carlton. Vic 3053
Tel (03) 9347 6902
Fax (03) 9347 0733
www.strahan-research.com.au

Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
Executive Summary
Frequency Data
Demographics

Introduction

The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) is undertaking research on the impact of household wood burning on the environment.

Research Objectives

The primary objective of this research project is to establish the extent and type of use of wood burning appliances in households in southern Australia.

Specifically the research tasks are to establish:

Relative prevalence of wood burning for household heating;
Type of wood burning appliances used;
Age of combustion heaters;
Frequency and extent of use of appliance;
Types, amounts and sources of fuels used.
Profile of household including location and household type.

Research Methodology

Sample Size

A random telephone survey of 1,007 wood burning households located in southern Australia was conducted.

Two hundred households in each southern State including south of W.A and S.A., Victoria, Tasmania and NSW, including the ACT, were researched.

In the process an additional 2,560 households without wood burning appliances or that did not use their wood burning appliances last winter, were contacted.

The sample of wood burning households ensures 95% confidence that sample results will be within 3.1% of national population values and within 6.9% of State population values.

Questionnaire

The telephone survey questionnaire was adapted from a draft survey format developed by CSIRO and further developed in consultation with Officers of the CSIRO.

A copy of the questionnaire is appended.

Management of Data Collection

Our surveying of households was rigorous and comprehensive:

one interview per household was obtained;
sample households were telephoned up to four times in order to make contact to complete an interview;
only individuals within the stratified sample were interviewed; and
highly experienced interviewers (including those experienced in interviewing NESB people) were used.

1007 respondents residing in the southern half of Australia including WA, SA, Victoria, Tasmania and New South Wales (including the ACT) who used a wood burning appliance last winter, were interviewed.

Appliance Used

78.6% of respondents used a combustion heater and a further 19.3% used an open fireplace.

Overwhelmingly a single appliance was used.

Age of Combustion Heater

57.0% of respondents' combustion heaters are seven or more years old with 23% 7 to 9 years and 30.7% 10 to 15 years old.

Those living in WA (28.8%) and NSW/ACT (31.7%) more than others have 7 to 9 year old combustion heaters and those residing in provincial cities (42.5%) more than other groups have heaters that are 10 to 15 years old.

Frequency of Wood Burning

66.3% of respondents burnt wood most nights while a further 17% burnt it two or three times a week.

Respondents resident in Tasmania (81.9%), in rural (76.2%) and provincial (78.1%) areas, more than other groups burnt wood on most nights. Those who burnt wood on most nights more than other groups used more than 3 to 4 (22.3%), more than 4 to 6 (15.1%) and more than 6 to 10 (6.7%) tonnes of wood per annum.

Typical Operation of Appliance

49.2% of respondents during winter mainly operate their wood-burning appliance in the evening but don't leave it burning overnight and a further 28.3% operate it continuously.

Residents of Tasmania (41.2%) and of provincial cities (40.4%) more than other groups operate their appliance continuously. Those who use their appliance continuously, more than other groups, used more than 3 to 4 (23.4%), more than 4 to 6 (19.8%) and more than 6 to 10 (11.5%) tonnes of wood per annum.

Loading of Appliance

80.3% of respondents loaded their appliance with a few big logs and kindling to get it going (44.1%) or about half full (36.2%).

19.2% load their appliance fairly full. Tasmanian residents (33.2%) more than other groups normally load their appliance fairly full. Those who load their appliance fairly full, more than others, use more than 3 up to 4 tonnes (24.9%) of wood a year.

Type of Wood Burnt

77.2% of respondents burnt mainly hardwood and a further 13.2% burnt a mixture of hard and softwoods.

Source of Firewood

49.6% of respondents get their wood by collecting it, or having it collected, from private land and a further 41.2% buy wood from a wood merchant.

West Australian (49.2%) and Tasmanian (49.7%) residents, metropolitan residents (48.0%) and those living in provincial cities (52.3%) more than other groups buy their wood from a wood merchant. Those who buy from a wood merchant, more than others use 1 to 2 (40.2%) or more than 2 to 4 (21.3%) tonnes of wood annually.

Residents of SA (56.0%) and NSW/ACT (62.8%), and rural residents (59.9%), more than other groups collect wood from private land. Those who collect wood from private land, more than other groups are unsure (28.4%) about how much wood they use.

Amount of Wood Used

55.2% of respondents who know, said they use up to 2 tonnes of wood a year. Of these, 11.2% use less than 1 tonne while a further 44% use between 1 and 2 tonnes of wood a year.

22.8% of respondents use more than 2 and up to 4 tonnes of wood while a further 22.0% use more than 4 tonnes annually.

Respondents living in the metropolitan area more than other groups are unsure (24.8%) about how much wood they use annually or use less than 1 tonne (16.6%) or between 1 and 2 tonnes (44.0%).

Respondents living in Tasmania more than others use more than 4 and up to 6 (22.1%), more than 6 and up to 10 (14.6%) and in excess of 10 tonnes (5.5%) of wood annually.

Wood Storage

86.0% of respondents store their wood in a dry place before they burn it.

Source of Home Heating

71.3% of respondents used wood burning as their main source of home heating last winter.

Residents of Tasmania (85.4%), provincial cities (84.0%) and rural areas (80.7%) more than other groups burnt wood as their main source of home heating last winter.

Those who burn wood as their main heating source, more than other groups, use more than 2 up to 4 (21.8%), more than 4 to 6 (14.0%), more than 6 to 10 (6.6%) and in excess of 10 tonnes (2.2%) of wood annually.

Frequency Data

Introduction

This section details the aggregate responses to all questions asked to all survey respondents. The structure of the discussion of each question is:

An explanation of the question asked;
A table summarizing responses to the question;
A short discussion of the frequency data;
A short discussion of any relevant cross-tabulation data

The tables summarize responses and typically indicate the proportion of all respondents who hold a certain view. Where a question has not been asked of all respondents, this is indicated at the beginning of the question.

A discussion of the frequency data follows.

WOOD BURNING APPLIANCE USED

Respondents were asked:

What sort of wood burning appliance did you use in your home last winter?

Appliance Type	% of Respondents
Open fire place	19.3
Controlled combustion heater	78.6
Potbelly heater	6.1
Cooking stove	4.1
Other	0.6

One type of wood burning appliance dominated usage. Over three quarters of respondents (78.6%) used a controlled combustion heater last winter while almost one in five (19.3%) used an open fireplace.

Respondents resident in Victoria (37.6%) and in metropolitan areas (51.8%) more than other groups used an open fire place.

Those resident in WA (41.0%) and in metropolitan areas (44.3%) more than other groups used a potbelly heater.

Rural residents (73.2%) more than other groups used a cooking stove.

Number of Appliances Used

Respondents were asked:

How many of your wood burning appliances did you use last winter?

Appliance Type	One(%)	Two(%)	Three or more(%)
Open fire place	18.7	0.6	0.2
Controlled combustion heater	76.6	1.8	0.0
Potbelly heater	5.6	0.0	0.0
Cooking stove	4.0	0.0	0.0
Other	0.4	0.0	0.0

Overwhelmingly respondents used only one of their wood burning appliances.

AGE OF COMBUSTION HEATERS

Respondents who used a combustion heater last winter were asked::

How olds is/are your combustion heater(s)?

Age of Combustion Heater (Years)	Heater 1 (%) (n=797)	Heater 2 (%) (n=33)	Heater 3 (%) (n=4)	Total (%) (n=834)
Less than 1 year	1.3 (10)	21.2 (7)	75.0 (3)	2.4
1 - 3 years	17.1 (137)	27.3 (9)	25.0 (4)	17.6
4 - 6 years	20.5 (164)	18.2 (6)	0.0	20.4
7 - 9 years	24.2 (192)	0.0 (0)	0.0	23.0
10 -15 years	30.9 (247)	27.3 (9)	0.0	30.7
16 - 20 years	3.0 (24)	0.0 (0)	0.0	2.8
More than 20 years	0.5 (4)	3.0 (1)	0.0	0.6
Unsure	2.5 (20)	3.0 (1)	0.0	2.5

A majority (57.0%) of respondents' combustion heaters are seven or more years old.

More than three in ten (30.7%) combustion heaters owned by respondents are ten to fifteen years old. Approximately one quarter (23.0%) are 7 to nine years old.

One fifth (20.2%) of respondents' combustion heaters are three years old or less.

Respondents living in Victoria (28.8%) more than other groups have combustion heaters that are 1 to 3 years old while those living in Victoria (26.4%) and WA (25.5%) more than other groups have heaters that are 4 to 6 years old.

Those living in WA (28.8%) and NSW/ACT (31.7%) more than others have 7 to 9 year old combustion heaters.

Respondents residing in provincial cities (42.5%) more than other groups have heaters that are 10 to 15 years old.

Frequency of Wood Burning

Respondents were asked:

During this last winter did you burn wood on:

Frequency of Wood Burning	% of Respondents
Most (including all) nights	66.3
Two or three times a week	17.0
About once a week	6.4
Less than once a week	5.8
Mainly on weekends	3.7
Other (less than above)	0.7
Unsure	0.1
Total	100.0

Almost two thirds of respondents (66.3%) said that they burnt wood most nights while a further 17% burnt it two or three times a week.

Respondents resident in Victoria (20.7%) and in metropolitan (22.1%) areas more than others burnt wood two or three times a week. Those who burnt wood two or three times a week more than other groups used 1 to 2 (44.4%), tonnes of wood a year.

Residents of metropolitan areas more than other groups burnt wood once a week (12.5%) and less than once a week (13.9%).

Typical Operation of Appliance

Respondents were asked:

Which of the following best describes the way you operate your appliance?

Typical Operation	% of Respondents
Continuously (24 hours a day)	28.3
Day and evening (not overnight)	16.4
Mainly evening (not overnight)	49.2
Evening and overnight	6.0
Other	0.1
Total	100.0

Almost a half of respondents (49.2%) mainly operate their wood burning appliance in the evening but do not leave it burning overnight.

A significant minority (28.3%) operate their appliance continuously during winter.

Couples without children (22.0%) more than other groups operate their appliance day and evening.

Single parent families (57.7%), single person households (62.8%) and metropolitan residents (69.3%) more than others operate their appliance mainly in the evening. Those who burnt wood mainly in the evening, more than other groups used less than 1 (13.7%) or 1 to 2 (46.4%), tonnes of wood a year.

Wood Loading of Appliance

Respondents were asked:

Would you normally load your appliance:

Wood Loading	% of Respondents
Fairly full	19.1
About half full	36.2
Few big logs and enough kindling	44.1
Other	0.2
Unsure	0.4
Total	100.0

The overwhelming majority of respondents (80.3%) said they loaded their appliance with a few big logs and kindling to get it going (44.1%) or about half full (36.2%).

Tasmanian residents (33.2%) more than other groups normally load their appliance fairly full. Those who load their appliance fairly full, more than others, use more than 3 up to 4 tonnes (24.9%) of wood a year.

Residents of South Australia (42.0%) more than other groups normally load their appliance half full.

West Australians (58.2%) and those living in single person households (53.5%) more than others normally load their appliance with a few big logs and kindling. Those who load a few big logs and kindling, more than other groups used less than 1 (13.5%) or 1 to 2 (44.7%), tonnes of wood a year.

Type of Wood Burnt

Respondents were asked:

What type of wood did you mainly burn last winter?

Type of Wood	% of Respondents
Hardwood	77.3
Softwood	1.2
Mixture of hard and softwood	13.2
Mill ends	1.8
Wood scrap	2.1
Other	0.4
Unsure	4.0
Total	100.0

Over three quarters of respondents (77.2%) burnt mainly hardwood while a further 13.2% burnt a mixture of hard and softwoods.

Residents of Victoria (17.2%) and SA (17.5%) more than other groups burnt a mix of hard and soft woods.

Source of Firewood

Respondents were:

Where do you mainly get your firewood?

Source of Wood	% of Respondents
Buy from wood merchant	41.2
Buy from service station/market	3.4
Collect from private land	49.6
Collect from State forest	2.9
Other	1.9
Unsure	1.0
Total	100.0

Almost half of respondents (49.6%) get their wood by collecting it, or having it collected by friends or relatives, from private land.

A further 41.2% buy wood from a wood merchant.

Metropolitan residents (9.9%) more than others buy wood from a service station or market.

Amount of Wood Used

Respondents were asked:

How much firewood do you typically use in a full year?

Amount of Wood Used	Tonnes (%) (n=515)	Trailer loads (%) (n=215)	Cubic metres (%) (n=68)	TotalAll (%) (n=1007)	Total Excluding Unsure (%) (n=798)
Less than: - 1 tonne - 2 trailer loads - 4 cubic metres Total	1.2	5.2	2.5	8.9	11.2
1 - 2 tonnes 2 - 4 trailer loads 4 - 8 cubic metres Total	20.0	12.3	2.5	34.8	44.0
>2 - 4 tonnes >4 - 8 trailer loads >8 - 16 cubic metres Total	14.1	2.9	1.0	18.0	22.8
>4 - 6 tonnes >8 - 12 trailer loads >16 - 24 cubic metres Total	9.0	1.1	0.5	10.6	13.4
>6 - 10 tonnes >12 - 20 trailer loads >24 - 40 cubic metres Total	5.0	0.0	0.0	5.0	6.3
>10 tonnes >20 trailer loads >40 cubic metres Total	1.8	0.0	0.0	1.8	2.3
Unsure				20.9	-
Total	51.1	21.5	6.5		100.0

A clear majority of respondents (55.2%) who know said they use up to 2 tonnes of wood a year. Of these, over one in ten (11.2%) said they use less than 1 tonne while a further 44% use between one and two tonnes of wood a year.

Over one in five respondents (22.8%) use more than 2 tonnes and up to 4 tonnes of wood a year.

A further 22.0% of respondents use more than 4 tonnes annually.

Respondents living in the metropolitan area more than other groups are unsure (24.8%) about how much wood they use annually or use less than 1 tonne (16.6%) or between 1 and 2 tonnes (44.0%). Residents of SA (42.4%) more than others except metro residents (42.4%) use between 1 and 2 tonnes annually.

Residents of Tasmania (22.6%) and NSW/ACT (25.5%) more than other groups use more than 2 and up to 4 tonnes annually.

Respondents living in Tasmania more than others use more than 4 and up to 6 (22.1%), more than 6 and up to 10 (14.6%) and in excess of 10 tonnes (5.5%) of wood annually.

Wood Storageh4>

Respondents were asked:

Do you store your wood in a dry covered area before burning?

Response	% of Respondents
Yes	86.0
No	13.6
Unsure	0.4

An overwhelming majority of respondents (86.0%) store their wood in a dry place before they burn it.

Source of Home Heating

Respondents were asked:

Was wood burning your main source of home heating last winter?

Response	% of Respondents
Yes	71.3
No	28.5
Unsure	0.2

More than seven in ten respondents (71.3%) said that wood burning was their main source of home heating last winter.

Residents of Tasmania (85.4%), provincial cities (84.0%) and rural areas (80.7%) more than other groups burnt wood as their main source of home heating last winter.

Those who burn wood as their main heating source, more than other groups use more than 2 up to 4 (21.8%), more than 4 to 6 (14.0%), more than 6 to 10 (6.6%) and in excess of 10 tonnes (2.2%) of wood annually.

Demographics

Household Arrangement

Household	% of Respondents
Couple with children	46.9
Couple without children	36.4
Single parent family	5.2
Single person household	8.8
Group household	2.5
Other	0.2
Total	100.0

Location

Location	% of Respondents
Metropolitan area	30.8
Provincial city	15.0
Rural area	54.1

Crosstabulated Data

What sort of wood burning appliance did you use in your home last winter?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %	Row %
Open fireplace	14.9	17.5	37.6	11.9	18.0	51.8	8.3	39.9	47.2	31.6	8.3	8.8	3.1	1.0	100.0
Combustion heater	19.2	21.5	16.1	22.6	20.6	25.2	15.9	58.9	48.3	36.6	5.0	7.8	2.4		100.0
Potbelly heater	41.0	19.7	16.4	14.8	8.2	44.3	16.4	39.3	39.3	36.1	8.2	11.5	4.9		100.0
Cooking stove	24.4	12.2	17.1	12.2	34.1	9.8	17.1	73.2	42.5	40.0	2.5	10.0	5.0		100.0
Other	33.3		50.0		16.7	16.7	33.3	50.0	33.3	66.7					100.0

How many of each sort of wood burning appliance did you use in your home last winter?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Open fireplace 1	100.0	94.3	93.2	100.0	97.2	94.9	94.1	97.5	94.5	96.8	93.8	100.0	100.0	100.0	95.9
Open fireplace 2		2.9	5.4		2.8	3.0	5.9	2.5	3.3	3.2	6.3				3.1
Open fireplace 3			1.4			1.0			1.1						0.5
Open fireplace 4		2.9				1.0			1.1						0.5
Open fireplace 5	98.0	98.8	96.8	97.8	96.9	99.0	98.4	97.0	97.4	97.6	100.0	98.4	100.0		97.7
Combustion heater 1	2.0	1.2	3.2	2.2	3.1	1.0	1.6	3.0	2.6	2.4		1.6			2.3
Combustion heater 2	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0
Cooking stove 1	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0		100.0
Other 1	100.0		100.0				100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0					100.0

How old is/are your combustion heater(s)?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Heater 1, 1-9 years	68.0	58.1	68.0	60.8	62.7	67.8	52.8	63.9	64.0	64.8	57.5	51.6	63.2		62.9
Heater 1, 10+ years	31.4	38.4	31.2	33.9	36.0	30.7	43.3	33.5	34.7	32.1	35.0	43.8	36.8		34.6
Heater 1, don't know	0.7	3.5	0.8	5.4	1.2	1.5	3.9	2.6	1.3	3.1	7.5	4.7			2.5
Heater 2, 1-9 years	100.0	80.0	75.0	66.7	45.5	100.0	75.0	58.3	66.7	58.3		100.0	100.0		66.7
Heater 2, 10+ years		20.0	25.0	33.3	45.5		25.0	37.5	27.8	41.7					30.3
Heater 2, don't know					9.1			4.2	5.6						3.0
Heater 3, 1-9 years	100.0	100.0		100.0		100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0					100.0

During this last winter did you burn wood on:

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Most/all nights	64.8	67.0	53.2	81.9	65.5	43.2	78.1	76.2	68.0	64.7	69.2	66.3	60.0		66.5
Two or three times a week	14.3	17.5	20.7	13.6	18.8	22.1	11.9	15.5	17.9	16.0	15.4	17.4	16.0		17.0
About once a week	8.2	8.5	7.4	2.0	6.1	12.5	4.0	3.7	5.0	9.4	3.8	3.5	8.0		6.5
Less than once a week	9.2	4.0	9.9	0.5	5.6	13.9	2.6	2.2	4.5	5.8	9.6	8.1	16.0		5.9
Mainly on weekends	3.6	3.0	6.9	1.0	2.5	6.6	2.0	2.0	3.2	3.3	1.9	4.7		100.0	3.3
Other			1.5	1.0	1.0	1.7	0.7	0.2	0.9	0.8					0.7
Unsure			0.5		0.5		0.7	0.2	0.4						0.2

Which of the following best describes the way you typically operate your wood burning appliance during the winter?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Continuously (24 hours)	15.9	27.0	31.5	41.2	25.6	12.9	40.4	33.6	30.5	27.5	32.7	19.8	28.0		28.5
Day and evening (not o/n)	16.4	17.0	16.7	12.1	19.6	13.9	14.6	18.3	12.7	22.0	5.8	17.4	16.0		16.2
Mainly evening (not o/n)	65.1	50.0	44.8	38.2	48.2	69.3	39.7	40.6	49.9	44.8	57.7	62.8	40.0	100.0	49.3
Evening and overnight	2.6	6.0	6.9	8.0	6.5	4.0	5.3	7.4	6.7	5.8	3.8		16.0		5.9
Other				0.5				0.2	0.2						0.1

Would you normally load you wood appliance:

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Fairly full	11.7	16.0	16.7	33.2	17.7	14.5	23.2	20.5	22.9	15.9	17.3	11.6	16.0		18.9
About half full	29.1	42.0	37.4	36.7	35.9	39.3	35.8	34.7	35.0	39.3	34.6	34.9	28.0		36.3
Few big logs and kindling	58.2	41.5	45.8	29.6	45.5	45.9	39.1	44.5	41.7	44.0	48.1	53.5	52.0	100.0	44.2
Other	0.5			0.5			0.7	0.2	0.2	0.3					0.2
Don't know	0.5	0.5			1.0	0.3	1.3	0.2	0.2	0.5			4.0		0.4

What type of wood did you mainly burn last winter?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Hardwood	80.1	76.0	72.9	78.9	78.4	71.6	74.2	81.2	78.7	77.5	63.5	77.9	80.0		77.3
Softwood		2.5	2.0	0.5	1.0	2.6	1.3	0.4	1.1	1.4	1.9	1.2			1.2
Mix of hard and softwood	6.1	17.5	17.2	11.1	14.1	14.5	11.3	13.1	12.3	13.2	21.2	14.0	8.0		13.1
Mill ends	8.2	0.5		0.5		3.6	1.3	0.9	1.9	0.8	5.8	1.2	8.0		1.8
Woodscrap	2.6	2.0	2.0	1.0	3.0	2.3	2.6	1.8	1.5	3.0	1.9	1.2	4.0		2.1
Other			1.5		0.5	1.0		0.2	0.6	0.3					0.4
Don't know	3.1	1.5	4.4	8.0	3.0	4.3	9.3	2.4	3.9	3.8	5.8	4.7		100.0	4.0

Where do you mainly get your firewood?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Buy wood merchant	49.2	37.5	39.9	49.7	29.6	48.0	52.3	34.3	40.8	40.1	36.5	45.3	56.0		41.1
Buy service station/market	5.1	1.5	6.9	1.0	2.5	9.9		0.7	4.1	2.2	7.7	2.3	4.0		3.4
Collect from private land	39.0	56.0	46.3	43.7	62.8	34.4	43.0	59.9	48.4	54.1	42.3	46.5	36.0		49.6
Collect from state forest	3.6	1.5	4.9	2.5	2.0	2.6	3.3	2.9	3.5	1.6	5.8	4.7			2.9
Other way	2.1	2.0	1.0	2.0	2.5	3.0	0.7	1.7	2.4	1.1	5.8	1.2			1.9
Don't know	1.0	1.5	1.0	1.0	0.5	2.0	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.8	1.9		4.0	100.0	1.0

How much firewood to you typically use in a full year?

		State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
		WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
		Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Tonnes	2	5.0	1.7			5.8	4.5		1.8	2.1	3.1	3.8				2.3
	3	64.4	53.0	39.0	13.7	31.4	62.6	20.8	31.8	39.1	34.2	50.0	52.5	60.0	100.0	39.4
	4	18.8	21.7	28.0	26.7	45.3	22.6	33.8	28.3	24.3	31.1	26.9	27.5	30.0		27.3
	5	8.9	18.3	14.6	29.0	11.6	3.2	24.7	23.3	20.2	18.1	3.8	10.0	10.0		17.5
	6	1.0	3.5	13.4	22.1	5.8	6.5	13.0	10.6	10.7	9.3	15.4	5.0			9.7
	7	2.0	1.7	4.9	8.4		0.6	7.8	4.2	3.7	4.1		5.0			3.7
Trailer	2	35.9	23.7	25.0	11.1	13.3	47.6	13.3	14.8	19.6	26.1	40.0	41.2			24.4
loads	3	59.4	57.9	47.7	66.7	60.0	47.6	63.3	60.7	58.9	58.0	46.7	47.1	80.0		57.3
	4	4.7	18.4	18.2		18.3	4.8	10.0	18.9	14.0	13.0	6.7	11.8	20.0		13.1
	5			9.1	22.2	8.3		13.3	5.7	7.5	2.9	6.7				5.2
Cubic	2		33.3	58.3	10.0	72.7	68.4	25.0	27.3	23.3	62.5		42.9	25.0		38.2
metres	3		33.3	37.5	43.3	27.3	31.6	50.0	36.4	50.0	25.0	33.3	14.3	75.0		38.2
	4			4.2	33.3			18.8	24.2	16.7	12.5	66.7	14.3			16.2
	5		33.3		13.3			6.3	12.1	10.0			28.6			7.4

Do you store your wood in a dry covered area before burning?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Yes	92.9	93.0	80.4	83.9	79.8	87.7	85.2	85.2	88.5	85.7	84.6	82.4	58.3		85.9
No	7.1	7.0	19.6	15.1	19.2	11.6	14.8	14.4	11.1	14.0	15.4	16.5	41.7	100.0	13.7
Unsure				1.0	1.0	0.7		0.4	0.4	0.3		1.2			0.4

Was wood burning your main source of home heating this last winter?

	State					Area			Household arrangement						Total
	WA	SA	Vic	Tas	NSW/ACT	Metro	Provincial City	Rural	Couple with children	Couple without children	Single parent family	Single person household	Group household	Other
	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %	Col %
Yes	71.3	70.0	55.9	85.4	74.5	48.5	84.0	80.7	71.6	70.0	75.0	75.6	64.0	100.0	71.4
No	28.7	30.0	44.1	14.6	24.5	50.8	16.0	19.3	27.9	30.0	25.0	24.4	36.0		28.4
Unsure					1.0	0.7			0.4						0.2

Contents > Previous > Next