The following examples are listed under Annex IV of the 7th meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol. Please note that this list is not exhaustive and is updated regularly.
1. Research and development (eg. pharmaceutical, pesticide, CFC and HCFC substitutes)
1.1 Reaction solvent or reaction feedstock (eg. Diels-Alder and FriedelCraft Reactions, RuO3 oxidation, allelic side bromination, etc.)
2. Analytical uses and regulated applications (including quality control).
2.1 Reference:
- Chemical (ozone depleting substance monitoring, volatile organic compound detection, equipment calibration).
- Toxicant.
- Product (adhesive bond strength, breathing filter test).
2.2 Extraction.
- Pesticide and heavy metal detection (eg. in food)
- Colour and food additive detection.
2.3 Diluent.
- Zinc, copper, cadmium detection in plants and food.
- Microchemical methods to determine molecular weight or oxygen.
- Measuring drug purity and residual determination.
- Sterilisation of lab equipment.
2.4 Carrier (Inert)
- Titration (cholesterol in eggs, drug chemical characteristics, 'Iodine value', eg. in oils and chemical products).
- Analytical equipment (spectroscopy (infra-red, ultra-violet, nuclear magnetic resonance, fluorescence), chromatography (high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography).
2.5 Tracer.
- Sanitary engineering.
2.6 Miscellaneous (including testing).
- Ingredient in material for testing (eg. metal fatigue and fracturing).
- Separation media (separation of extraneous materials such as filth and insect excreta from stored food products).
3. Miscellaneous (including biochemical).
3.1 Laboratory method development.
3.2 Sample preparation using solvent.
3.3 Heat transfer medium.
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