Phylum CNIDARIA

Bibliography for CNIDARIA

The CNIDARIA bibliography is also available in CSV format.

Agassiz, A. 1865. North American Acalephae. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard College pp. 1-234.
Agassiz, A. & Mayer, A.G. 1902. Reports on the scientific results of the expedition to the tropical Pacific in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer 'Albatross' from August 1899 to March 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, USN, commanding. III: Medusae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 137-176
Agassiz, A. in Verrill, A.E. 1864. List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 3: 29-60
Agassiz, L. 1862. Contributions to the Natural History of the United States of America. Second monograph. Volume 4. Boston : Little, Brown & Co. i-viii, 1-380 + (1-10), pls 20-35.
Alcock, A. 1893. On some newly-recorded corals from the Indian Seas. The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 62(2): 138-149
Alcock, A. 1902. Report on the deep sea Madreporaria of the Siboga expedition. Siboga Expeditie 16a: 1-55
Alder, J. 1856. A notice of some new genera and species of British hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2 107: 353-362, pls 12-14
Alder, J. 1860. Descriptions of a zoophyte and two species of Echinodermata new to Britain. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 5: 73-75, pl. 5
Alderslade, P. 1983. Dampia pocilloporaeformis, a new genus and a new species of octocorallia (Coelenterata) from Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 1(4): 33-40
Alderslade, P. 1986. An unusual leaf-like gorgonian (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 3(1): 81-93
Alderslade, P. 1986. New species of the gorgonian genus Plumigorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) with a review of the Family Ifalukellidae. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 3(1): 95-122
Alderslade, P. 1987. A new species of Sinularia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Western Australia, with extraordinary large sclerites. The Beagle, Records of the Museums and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory 4(1): 85-94
Alderslade, P. 1998. Revisionary systematics in the gorgonian family Isididae, with descriptions of numerous new taxa (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 55: 1-359
Alderslade, P. 2000. Four new genera of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with notes on the classification of some established taxa. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 74(16): 237-249
Alderslade, P. 2001. Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 10: 15-65
Alderslade, P. 2003. A new genus and new species of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae). Zootaxa 175: 1-10
Alderslade, P. 2003. A new genus and species of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyonidae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 345: 19-29
Alderslade, P. 2006. New subfamilies and a new genus and species of Melithaeidae (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) with comparative data on the structure of both melithaeid and subergorgid axes. Zootaxa 1199: 19-47
Alderslade, P. (2008), http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/fauna/afd/home
Alderslade, P. & Baxter, J. 1987. A new species of Sinularia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 13(2): 203-213
Allman, G.J. 1844. On a new genus of hydraform zoophytes. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 11: 395
Allman, G.J. 1846. Biological contributions. Description of a new genus of helianthoid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 417-419
Allman, G.J. 1859. Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)4: 48-55; 137-144; 367-370.
Allman, G.J. 1863. Notes on the Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)11: 1-12
Allman, G.J. 1864. On the construction and limitation of genera among the Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)13: 345-380
Allman, G.J. 1871. A Monograph of the Gymnoblastic or Tubularian Hydroids. Vol. I: The Hydroida in General. London : The Ray Society i-xxiv, pp. 1-450, pls 1-12.
Allman, G.J. 1872. A Monograph of the Gymnoblastic or Tubularian Hydroids. Conclusion of part I, and part II, containing descriptions of the genera and species of the Gymnoblastea. London : The Ray Society xiii-xxiv, pp. 155-450, pls 13-23.
Allman, G.J. 1876. Descriptions of some new species of Hydroida from Kerguelen's Island. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 17: 113-115
Allman, G.J. 1876. Diagnoses of new genera and species of hydroids. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 12: 251-284, pls 9-23
Allman, G.J. 1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream by L.F. De Pourtalès, assistant United States Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 5: 1-66 pls I-34
Allman, G.J. 1883. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Part I. Plumularidae. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 7: 1-55, pls 1-20
Allman, G.J. 1885. Description of Australian, Cape, and other Hydroida, mostly new, from the collection of Miss H. Gatty. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 19: 132-161, pls 7-26
Allman, G.J. 1888. Report on the Hydroida dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Part II: The Tubularinae, Corymorphinae, Campanularinae, Sertularinae and Thalamophora. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 23: ilxix, 1-90, pls 1-39
Asbjørnsen, P.C. 1856. Beskrivelse over Kohphoblemon mülleri, en ny Sofjaerslaegt. pp. 81-85 in Sars, M., Koren, J. & Danielssen, D.C. (eds). Fauna Littoralis Norvegiae. Michael Sars Vol. 2 pp. 101.
Ashworth, J.H. 1900. Report on the Xeniidae collected by Dr. Willey. Zoological Results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896 and 1897 by Arthur Willey part 4. 509-530 pp.
Audouin, V. 1826. Contribution a la systematique des Madreporaires fossiles. Paris : CNRS pp. 1-461.
Audouin, V. 1826. IV Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes. pp. 225-244 in Savigny, J.C. (ed.). Description del'Egypte. Paris : Imprimerie imperiale Vol. 7.
Audouin, V. 1828. Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l'Égypte et de la Syrie. pp. 40-78 in Description de l'Egypt. Paris : C.L.F. Pankoucke Vol. 23.
Aurivillius, M. 1931. The gorgonarians from Dr. Sixten Bock's expedition to Japan and Bonin Islands 1914. Arkiv för Zoologi utgifvet af Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademien 3 9(4): 1-337
Bale, W.M. 1882. On the Hydroida of South-Eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria 2: 15-48, pls 12-15. 451
Bale, W.M. 1884. Catalogue of the Australian Hydroid Zoophytes. Sydney : Australian Museum 198 pp., pls 1-19.
Bale, W.M. 1887. The genera of the Plumularidae, with observations on various Australian hydroids. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 23: 73-110
Bale, W.M. 1888. On some new and rare Hydroida in the Australian Museum collection. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3(2): 745–799, pls 12–21
Bale, W.M. 1894. Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n.s.) 6: 93-117, pls 3-6
Bale, W.M. 1914. Report on the Hydroida collected in the Great Australian Bight and other localities. Part 1. Fisheries. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2(1): 1-62, pls 1-7
Bale, W.M. 1914. Report on the Hydroida collected in the Great Australian Bight and other localities. Part 2. Fisheries. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 2(4): 164-188, pls 35-38
Bale, W.M. 1915. Report on the Hydroida collected in the Great Australian Bight and other localities. Part 3. Fisheries. Zoological (and Biological) Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 3(5): 241-336, pls 46-47
Bale, W.M. 1919. Further notes on Australian hydroids. IV. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n.s.) 31: 327-361, pls 16-17
Bale, W.M. 1924. Report on some hydroids from the New Zealand coast, with notes on New Zealand Hydroida generally, supplementing Farquhar's list. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 55: 225-268
Balss, H. 1909. Ueber Pennatuliden des Munchener Museum. Zoologischer Anzeiger 34: 423-431
Balss, H. 1910. Japanische Pennatuliden. 1-106 in Doflein, F. (ed.). Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen des Mathematischen-Physikalischen Institutes der Kaiserlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1(10)
Bartlett, G.C. 1907. Notes on hydroid zoophytes. Geelong Naturalist 3: 35-45; 60-66
Bassett-Smith, G.W. 1890. Report on the corals from the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, China Sea. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6(6): 353-374
Bayer, F.M, In Wagenaar Hummelinck (ED) 1961. Studies of the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands: The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. The Hague : Martnus Nijhoff Vol. XII Edn 1, pp. 1-373; plates I-XXVII.
Bayer, F.M. 1950. A new species of the gorgonian genus Ainigmaptilon Dean (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 40(9): 295-298
Bayer, F.M. 1955. Contributions to the nomenclature, systematics, and morphology of the Octocorallia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 105: 207-220
Bayer, F.M. 1956. Octocorallia, with a section on Trachypsammicea. pp. F166-F231 in Moore, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Coelenterata. Kansas : University of Kansas Press.
Bayer, F.M. 1981. Pseudoplumarella echidna, a new species of primnoid octocoral from Queensland (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94(2): 622-630
Bayer, F.M. 1981. On some genera of stoloniferous octocorals (Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with descriptions of new taxa. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94(3): 878-901
Bayer, F.M. 1982. Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95(1): 116-160
Bayer, F.M. 1987. New and previously known taxa of isidid octocorals (Coelenterata: Gorgonacea), partly from Antarctic waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100(4): 937-991
Bayer, F.M. 1988. Mirostenella articulata, a remarkable new genus and species of primnoid octocoral (Gorgonacea) with uncalcified axial nodes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 101(2): 251-256
Bayer, F.M. 1993. Twe new species of the gorgonian genus Paragorgia (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Precious Corals & Octocoral Research [Tokyo] 2: 1-10
Bayer, F.M. 1995. A new species of the genus Narella (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from Hawaiian waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1): 147-152
Bayer, F.M. 1996. New primnoid gorgonians (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from antarctic waters. Bulletin of Marine Science 58(2): 511-530
Bayer, F.M. 1996. The Antarctic genus Callozostron and its relationship to Primnoella (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 109(1): 150-203
Bayer, F.M. & Grasshoff, M. 1994. The genus group taxa of the family Ellisellidae, with clarification of the genera established by J.E. Gray (Cnidaria; Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana Biologica 74(1-2): 21-45
Bayer, F.M. & Stefani, J. 1989. Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Bulletin de Museum Paris 10(3): 449-518
Bedot, M. 1907. Explication sommaire des planches de Polypes. In, Savigny, J. (ed.). Description de l'Egypte. Paris : Imprimerie imperiale Vol. 1.
Bedot, M. 1907. Madréporaires d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 15(2): 143-292
Bell, F.J. 1886. Description of a new species of Minyad (Minyas torpedo) from north-west Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 19: 114-116
Benayahu, Y. 1997. A review of three alcyonacean families (Octocorallia) from Guam. Micronesica 30: 207-244
Benham, W.B. 1906. On a new species of pennatulid (Sarcophyllum bollonsi) from new Zealand. Zoologischer Anzeiger 31(2/3): 66-67
Bernard, H.M. 1896. Catalogue of Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History): The genus Turbinaria, The genus Astraeopora. London : Longmans Green and Co Vol. II pp. 1-166.
Bernard, H.M. 1897. Catalogue of Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History): The genus Montipora, The genus Anacropora. London : Longmans Green and Co Vol. III pp. 1-192.
Bernard, H.M. 1900. Marine fauna of Christmas Is. Indian Ocean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 115-141
Billard, A. 1913. Les hydroïdes de l'expédition du Siboga. I. Plumulariidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 7a: 1-115, pls 1-6
Billard, A. 1918. Notes sur quelques espèces d'hydroïdes de l'expédition du Siboga. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 5(7): 21-27
Billard, A. 1919. Note sur quelques espèces nouvelles de Sertularella de l'expédition du 'Siboga'. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 5(8): 18-23
Billard, A. 1925. Les hydroïdes de l'expédition du 'Siboga'. II. Synthecidae et Sertularidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 117-232, pls 7-9
Billard, A. 1925. Note sur quelques espèces la plupart nouvelles de synthécides et de sertularides du 'Siboga'. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 49: 646-652
Billard, A. 1933. Les hydroïdes des golfes de Suez et d'Akaba. In Mission Robert Ph. Dollfus en Êgypte (décembre 1927 - mars 1929). Mémoires de l'Institut d'Egypte 21: 1-30, pl. 1
Billard, A. 1939. Note sur le Sertularella tricincta n. sp. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 64: 248-250
Billard, A. 1942. Note sur quelques espèces et variétés nouvelles des genres Hebella et Hebellopsis (hydroïdes). Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 67: 67-70
Blackburn, M. 1937. Notes on Australian Hydrozoa, with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n.s.) 50: 170-181
Blackburn, M. 1938. Hydrozoa.The Sir Joseph Banks Islands. Reports of the expedition of the McCoy Society for Field Investigation and Research, 3. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n.s.) 50: 312-328
Blainville, H.M.D. 1834. Manuel d'Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie. Paris : F.G. Levrault pp. i-viii + 1-644 + 633-694.
Blainville, H.M.D. de 1830. (individual entries). In, Dictionnaires des Sciences Naturelles, ... Par plusieurs Professeurs du Jardin Roi, et des principales Écoles de paris. Paris 1816-1830 60 vols.
Blainville, H.M. de 1830. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturalles. Strasbourg, Paris : F.G. Levrault Vol. 60 631 pp.
Blainville, H.M. de 1830. Dictionnaire des Sciences naturelles. Zoophytes. Paris : Levrault, F.G. Vol. 60 pp. 310-358.
Bleeker, Pieter 1859. Over eenige nieuwe soorten van Zeeveders of Pennatulina (polypi natantes) van den Indische Archipel. Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 20: 399-404
Boddaert, P. 1768. Lyst der Plant-Dieren...In het Latyn beschreeven door P.S. Pallas. Vertaald...door P. Boddaert. Te Utrecht. 1-50 pp.
Boero, F., Bouillon, J. & Kubota, S. 1997. The medusae of some species of Hebella Allman, 1888, and Anthohebella gen. nov. (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with a world synopsis of species. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 310: 1-53
Boone, L. 1938. Coelenterata. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Marine Museum 7: 27-76
Borradaile, L.A. 1905. Hydroids. 836-845, pl. 69 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed). Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Cambridge, University Press Vol. 2.
Boschma, H. 1923. Experimental budding in Fungia fungites. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Wetenschappen Amsterdam 26: 88-96
Boschma, H. 1925. Madreporaria I Fungiidae. Papers from Dr. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 79: 185-259
Bouillon, J. 1995. Hydromedusae of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 22: 223-238
Bourne, G.C. 1900. On the genus Lemnalia. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2nd Series Zoology 7(10): 521-538
Bourne, G.C. 1916. A description of five new species of Edwardsia, Quatr., from New Guinea, with an account of the order of succession of the micromesenteries and tentacles in the Edwardsidae. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 32: 513-530
Brandt, J.F. 1835. Prodromus Descriptionis Animalium AB H. Mertensio in Orbis Terrarum Circumnavigatione Observatorum. Petropoli : Sumptibus Academiae 75 pp.
Brandt, J.F. 1837. Remarques sur quelques modifications dans l'arrangement de l'ordre des Acalephes Discophores ou Ombrellifères. Bulletin de l'Académie impériale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg 1(24): 185-191
Briggs, E.A. 1915. Report on the Alcyonarians obtained by the F.I.S. Endeavour on the eastern and southern coasts of Australia. Part I. Biological Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by the F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 3(2): 59-94
Briggs, E.A. 1918. Descriptions of two new hydroids, and a revision of the hydroid-fauna of Lord Howe Island. Records of the Australian Museum 12: 27-47, pls 5-6
Briggs, E.A. 1922. Description of the coppinia of an Australian hydroid. The Australian Zoologist 2: 148-150
Brinckmann-Voss, A. 1967. The hydroid of Vannuccia forbesii (Anthomedusae, Tubulariidae). Breviora. Museum of Comparative Zoology 263: 1-10
Broch, H. 1903. Die von dem norwegischen Fischereidampfer "Michael Sars" in den Jahren l900-1902 in dem Nordmeer gesammelten Hydroiden. Bergens Museums Arsberetning 1-14, pls 1-4
Broch, H. 1910. Diagnoservon neuen oder weniger bekannten Pennatulida. Zoologischer Anzeiger 36: 60-63
Broch, H. 1910. Pennatulida. pp. 110-121 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 3 (2).
Broch, H. 1914. Hydrozoa benthonica. 19-50, pl. 1 in Michaelsen, W. (ed). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. Hamburg : Friederichsen Vol. 1.
Broch, H. 1916. Alcyonarien. 1-48 in . Results of Dr. E. J Mjobergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910-1913. XI. Kongelige Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar 52(11)
Broch, H. 1958. Octocorals Part 1. Pennatularians. Discovery Reports 29: 245-280
Brook, G. 1891. Descriptions of new species of Madrepora in the collections of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 8: 458-71
Brook, G. 1892. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Madrepora in the collections of the British Museum. Part II. Series/Edition 6. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 10: 451-465
Brook, G. 1893. Catalogue of Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History): The genus Madrepora. London : Longmans Green and Co Vol. I pp. 1-212.
Browne, E.T. 1902. A preliminary report on Hydromedusae from the Falkland Islands. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7)9: 272-284
Browne, E.T. 1905. Report on the medusae (Hydromedusae, Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora) collected by Prof. Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Report of the Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 4, Supplementary Report 27: 132-166, pls 1-4
Brüggemann, F. 1877. New Korallen-Arten aus dem Rotten Meer und von Mauritius.Abh. Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein Bremen 5: 395-400
Bruggemann, F. 1877. Notes on stony corals in the British Museum III. A revision of recent solitary Mussaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20(4): 300-312
Bruggemann, F. 1878. The occurrence of stalked buds in the coral Echinopora lamellasa (Esper). Treubia, Batavia 12: 129-132
Bruggemann, F. 1879. Corals in zoology of Rodriguez. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 168: 569-579
Bruggemann, F. 1879. Ueber die Korallen der Insel Ponape. Journal des Museum Godeffroy, Hamburg 5(14): 201-12
Brundin, J.A.Z. 1896. Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museum in Uppsala. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 22(4 (no. 3)): 1-22
Burchardt, E. 1898. Alcyonaceen von Thursday Island (Torres Strasse) und von Amboina. 431-442 in Semon, R. (ed.). Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel. Ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1891-1893. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 8
Burchardt, E. 1903. Alcyonaceen von Thursday Island (Torres Strasse) und von Amboina II. 653-682 in Semon, R. (ed.). Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipel. Ausgefuhrt in den Jahren 1891-1893. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 8
Burnett, W.J., Benzie, J.A.H., Beardmore, J.A. & Ryland, J.S. 1997. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species. Coral Reefs 16: 55-68
Busk, G. 1852. An account of the Polyzoa and sertularian zoophytes collected in the voyage of the "Rattlesnake" on the coast of Australia and the Louisiade Archipelago. 343-402, 1 pl. in Macgillivray, J. (ed). Narrative of the voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake commanded by the late Captain O. Stanley during the years 1846-1850. London : T. & W. Boone.
Busk, G. 1858. Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 6: 124-130, pls 18-19
Busk, G. 1867. Zoophytology. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science new 7: 241-243
Cairns, S.D. 1984. New records of ahermatypic corals (Scleractinia) from the Hawaiian and Line Islands. Occasional Papers of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 25(10): 1-30
Cairns, S.D. 1989. A revision of the ahermatypic Scleractinia of the Philippine Islands and Adjacent Waters, Part 1: Fungiacyathidae, Microbaciidae, Turbinoliinae, Guyniidae and Flabellidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 486: 1-136, 42 pls
Cairns, S.D. 1995. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 103: 1-210, 44 pls, 22 maps
Cairns, S.D. 1998. Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 18: 361-417
Cairns, S.D. 2004. The Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 56(3): 259-329
Cairns, S.D. 2009. Cold-water corals Online Appendix. www.lophelia.org/pdf/Cold-water_Corals_Online_Appendix_000.pdf
Cairns, S.D. & Zibrowius, H. 1997. Cnbidaria Anthozoa: Azooxanthellate scleractinia from the Philippine and Indonesian regions. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 172: 27-243
Cairns, S.D & Bayer, F.M. 2009. A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidea (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology (629): 1-79
Calder, D.R. 1983. Hydroida from estuaries of South Carolina, U.S.A. Families Sertulariidae and Plumulariidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 7-28
Calgren, O. 1900. Ostafrikanische Actinien. Gesammelt von Herrn Dr. F. Stuhlmann 1888 und 1889. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 17: 21-144
Carlgren, O 1918. Die Mesenterienanordnung der Halcuriiden. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets Handlingar 29: 1-37
Carlgren, O. 1900. Ostafrikanische Actinien. Gesammelt von Herrn Dr. F. Stuhlmann 1888 und 1889. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg 17: 21-144
Carlgren, O. 1901. Die Brutpflege der Actiniarian. Biologisches Centralblatt (Leipzig) 21: 468-484
Carlgren, O. 1914. On the genus Porponia and related genera, Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 50(4): 49-71
Carlgren, O. 1924. On Boloceroides, Bunodeopsis and their supposed allied genera. Arkiv för Zoologi 17A(1): 1-20
Carlgren, O. 1924. Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914-16. XXI. Actiniaria from New Zealand and its Subantarctic Islands. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 77: 179-261
Carlgren, O. 1925. Zur Kenntnis der Hexacorallen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 65: 87-99
Carlgren, O. 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. pp. 1-102 in Odhner, T. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901-1903. Stockholm : P.A. Norstedt & Söner Vol. 2(3) pp. 1-102.
Carlgren, O. 1928. Actiniaria der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 22(4): 125-266
Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv för Zoologi 23A: 1-48
Carlgren, O. 1937. Ceriantharia and Zoantharia. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5: 177-207
Carlgren, O. 1939. Actiniaria and Zoantharia of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, 1902-1904. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 49: 791-800
Carlgren, O. 1943. Die Alcyonarien-Gattungen Ainigmaptilon und Lycurus. Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund Förhandlinger 13(10): 1-7
Carlgren, O. 1949. A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Ventenskapsakademiens Handlingar 1: 1-121
Carlgren, O. 1950. Actinaria and Zoantharia from South Australia. Arkiv för Zoologi 20: 121-135
Carlgren, O. 1950. Corallimorpharia, Actiniaria and Zoantharia from New South Wales and South Queensland. Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 131-146
Carlgren, O. 1954. Actiniaria and Zoantharia from South and West Australia with comments upon some Actiniaria from New Zealand. Arkiv för Zoologi 6: 571-595
Carlgren, O. & Stephenson, T.A. 1929. Actiniaria. pp. 5-34 in Briggs, E.A. (ed.). Australasian Antarctic Expedition 1911-14 under the leadership of Sir Douglas Mawson, O.B.E., D.Sc., B.E., F.R.S. Scientific Reports Series C-Zoology and Botany. Sydney : Alfred James Kent, Government Printer.
Carter, H.J. 1873. Transformation of an entire shell into chitinous structure by the polype of Hydractinia with short descriptions of the polypidoms of five other species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)11: 1-15, pl. 1
Carter, S. 1995. Pachycerianthus (Anthozoa: Ceriantharia: Cerianthidae), Two Newly Described Species from Port Jackson, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 47(1): 1-6
Castric-Fey, A. 1970. Sur quelques hydraires de l'Archipel de Glénan (Sud-Finistère). Vie et Milieu. Série A. Biologie Marine 21: 1-23
Cavolini, F. 1785. Memorie per servire alla storia de'polipi marini. Napoli.
Chalmers, D. 1929. The alcyonarian genus Siphonogorgia, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh 21(4): 159-169
Chamisso, A. de & Eysenhardt, C.G. 1821. De animalibus quibusdam e classe Vermium linneana, in circumnavigatione terrae, auspicante Comite N Romanzoff, duce Ottone de Kotzebue, annuis 1815-1818. Nova Acta Leopold. 343-374 pp.
Chevalier, J.-P. 1971. Geomorphologie de 1'ile Mare Exped. Francaise recifs coralliens Nouvelle Caledonie, Edn. Fond. Paris, : Singer-Polignac Vol. 3 pp. 5-50.
Chevalier, J.-P. 1975. Les Scleractiniaires de la Melanesie francaise (Nouvelle Caledonie, lies Chesterfield, lies Loyaute, Nouvelles Hebrides), lere Partie Exped. Francaise recifs coralliens Nouvelle Caledonie. Edn. Fond. Paris. : Singer-Polignac Vol. 5 pp. 5-307.
Ciamician, J. 1880. Ueber Lafoea parasitica n. sp. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 33: 673-676, pl. 39
Clarke, S.F. 1879. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration of the Gulf Stream and Gulf of Mexico by Alexander Agassiz, 1877-78. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 5: 239-252, pls 1-15
Cohn, M. 1908. Alcyonacea von Madagaskar und Ostafrika. Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903-1905 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow. Wiss. Ergebn. 2,. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse Syst. Arbeit 3: 207-244
Congdon, E.D. 1907. The hydroids of Bermuda. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 42: 463-485
Cotton, B.C. & Godfrey, G.K. 1942. Idiellana, a new name for the preoccupied genus Idiella Stechow (Coelenterata - family Sertulariidae). Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 7: 234
Coughtrey, M. 1875. Description of a new Species of Actinia. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 7: 280
Coughtrey, M. 1875. Notes on the New Zealand Hydroideae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 7: 281-293, pl. 20
Coughtrey, M. 1876. Critical notes on the New Zealand Hydroida. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 8: 298-302
Coughtrey, M. 1876. Critical notes on the New Zealand Hydroida, suborder Thecaphora. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 17: 22-32, pl. 3
Couthouy in Dana, J.D. 1846. Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia : Lea & Blanchard Vol. 7 740 pp.
Crossland, C. 1931. The reduced building-power and other variation in the astrean corals of Tahiti, with a note on Herpolitha umax and Fungia spp. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1931: 351-392
Crossland, C. 1948. Coral Reefs at Ghardaqa,Red. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 108: 513-523
Crossland, C. 1952. Madreporaria, Hydrocorallinae, Heliopora and Tubipora. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 6: 85-257
Cutress, C.E. 1971. Corallimorpharia, Actiniaria and Zoanthidea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 32: 83-92
Cuvier, G. 1798. Tableau élémantaire de L'histoire naturelle des animaux. Paris : Baudouin pp. i-xvi + 1-710.
D'Hondt 1977. Some octocorallia (Coelenterata) from Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28: 241-259
D'Hondt 1988. Anthomastus tahinodus n.sp., Octocoralliaire Alcyonacea du nord-est de Tahiti. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 4 10(A. 2): 265-276
Dana, J.D. 1846. Structure and classification of zoophytes. Philadelphia, : Lea and Blanchard pp. 1-132.
Dana, J.D. 1846. Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia : Lea & Blanchard Vol. 7 740 pp.
Dana, J.D. 1846. Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. New York : Greenwood Press Vol. 7 pp. i-vi + 1-740.
Dana, J.D. 1847. On zoophytes. American Journal of Science and Arts 2 3: 1-24
Dana, J.D. 1872. Corals and Coral Islands. New York : Dodd and Mead pp. 1-398.
Danielssen, D.C. 1887. Alcyonida. The Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition 1876-1878. Zoology. Chhristiana viii+169, 23pls.
Danielssen, D.C. & Koren, J. 1884. Pennatulida Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition 1876-1878. Den Norske NordhavsExpedition 1876-1878 12. 1-84 pp.
Danielssen, D.C. & Koren, J. 1884. Penntulida. Den Norske Nordhavs-Expedition, 1876-1878. Zoologi 12: 1-84
Dawson, E.W. 1992. The Coelenterata of the New Zealand Region: A Handlist for Curators, Students and Ecologists. Occasional Papers of the Hutton Foundation, New Zealand 1: 1-68
Dean, I 1926. Ainigmaptilon haswelli, n.g. et n.sp.: a new alcyonarian type. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 36: 337-344
de Blainville, H.M.D. 1830. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. Strasbourg and Paris : F. G. Levrault Vol. 60 pp. 631.
Delage, Y. & Hérouard, E. 1901. Traite de Zoologie concrète. Les Coelentérés. Paris : Beinwald Vol. 2.
Dennant, J. 1904. Hexa-corallidae in Traite de Zoologie Concrete 1, 2, part 2.
Dennant, J. 1906. Madreporaria from the Australian and New Zealand Coasts. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 30: 151-165
Deshayes, G.P. & Edwards, H.M. 1840. Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, Presentant les caractSres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et. Paris : Bailliere 770 pp.
Deshayes, G.P. & Milne Edwards, H. 1836. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, par J.B.P.A.de Lamarck. 2me Édition, tome 2. Paris : Baillière pp. 1-683. 459.
Diechmann, E. 1936. The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 53: 1-317
Doderlein, I. 1901. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Zoologischer Anzeiger 24: 351-360
Doderlein, L. 1902. Die Korallengattung Fungia. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 27(1): 1-162
Doumenc, D. 1973. Notes sur les actinies de Polyn'sie FranÎaise. Cahiers du Pacifique 17: 173-204
Drayton, J. in Dana, J.D. 1846. Zoophytes. United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U.S.N. Philadelphia : Lea and Blanchard Vol. 7 740 pp.
Duchassaing, P. 1870. Revue des zoophytes et des spongiaires des Antillies. Paris : Victor Masson et Fils pp. 1-52.
Duchassaing, P. & Michelin, H. 1846. Note sur deux Polypiers de la famille des Coraux, appartenant aux genres Solanderia et Pterogorgia. Revue de Zoologie 9: 218-220
Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. 1860. Memoire les Coralliaires des Antilles. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 19: 56-87
Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. 1860. Memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 2 19: 279-368 [reprinted pp. 1-88]
Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. 1864. Supplement au memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 2 23: 97-206
Duchassaing, P. & Michelotti, J. 1864. Supplement au memoire sur les coralliaires des Antillies. Memorie della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino 2 23: 97-206 (reprinted as pp. 1-112)
Duerden, J.E. 1895. On the genus Alicia (Cladactis), with an anatomical description of A. costae, Panc. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 15: 213-218
Duncan, P.M. 1864. A description of, and remarks upon, some fossil corals from Sinde. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 13: 295-307
Duncan, P.M. 1876. Recent corals from the South Australian and Victorian coasts. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 28: 1-11
Duncan, P.M. 1883. Observations on the madreporarian family the Fungidae with special reference to the hard structures. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 17: 137-163
Duncan, P.M. 1885. A revision of the families and enera of the Sclerodermic Zoantharia Ed. & H., or Madreporaria (M. Rugosa excepted). Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 18: 1-204
Duncan, P.M. 1889. On the Madreporaria of the Mergui Archipelago collected for the trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, by Dr John Anderson, F.R.S., superintendant of the Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 21: 1-24
Dunn, D.F. 1983. Some Antarctic and sub-Antarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Ptychodactiaria and Actiniaria). Antarctic Research Series 39: 1-67
Dunn, D. F & Hamner, W.M. 1980. Amplexidiscus fenestrafer n. gen., n. sp. (Coelenterata:Anthozoa), a tropical Indo-Pacific Corallimorpharian. Micronesica 16: 29-36
Durham, J.W. 1947. Corals from the Gulf of California and the North Pacific Coast of America. Geological Society of America Memoirs 20: 1-68
Durham, J.W. & Barnard, J.L 1952. Stony corals of the Eastern Pacific collected by the Velero III and Velero IV. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 16: 1-110
Edgar, G.J. 1997. Australian Marine Life: the plants and animals of temperate waters. Victoria : Reed Books, pp. 126-144.
Eguchi, M. 1938. A systematic study of the reef-building corals of the Palao Islands. Palao Tropical Biological Station Studies 3: 325-90
Eguchi, M. & Shirai, S. 1977. Ecological encyclopaedia of the marine animals of the Ryukyu Islands. Japan : Okinawa Kyoiku Shuppan 636 pp.
Ehrenberg, C.G. 1828. Phytozoa Polypi. In, Hemprich, F.G. & Ehrenberg, C.G. (eds). Symbolae physicae seu icones et descriptiones animalium evertebratorum: sepositis insectis qua ex itinere perafricam borealem et asiam occidentalem. Berolini: ex Officina Academia Venditur a Mittlero.
Ehrenberg, C.G. 1834. Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im Allgemeinen und besanders des Rothen Meeres nebst, einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Monatsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1: 225-380
Ehrenberg, C.G. 1834. Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im Allgemeinen und besanders des Rothen Meeres nebst, einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin 1: 225-380
Ehrenberg, C.G. 1834. Die Corallenthiere des rothen Meeres physiologisch untersucht und systematisch verzeichnet. Abhandlungen der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin 1-152
Ehrenberg, G.G. 1834. Beitrage zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im Allgemeinen und besanders des Rothen Meeres nebst, einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhandlungen der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin 1: 225-380
El Beshbeeshy, M. 1991. Systematische, Morphologische und Zoogeographische Untersuchungen an den Thekaten Hydroiden des Patagonischen Schelfs. Dissertation, Universität Hamburg. 390 pp.
Ellis, J. 1753. A letter from Mr. John Ellis to Mr. peter Collinson F.R.S. concerning a cluster-polyp found in seas near the coast of Greenland. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 48(1): 305-308
Ellis, J. 1755. An essay towards a natural history of the corralines, and other marine productions of the like kind, commonly found on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. London.
Ellis, J. & Solander, D. 1786. The natural history of many curious and uncommen zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by the late John Ellis....Systematically arranged and described by the late Daniel Solander. London : printed for Benjamine White and Son; at Horace's Head, Fleet Street; and Peter Elmsly, in the Strand. pp. i-xii + 1-208.
Ellis, J. & Solander, D.C. 1786. The natural history of many curious and uncommon zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe. London : Benjamin White and Son, Peter Elmsly xii, 206 pp., 63 pls.
Esper, E.J. 1788. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nest Beschreibungen. Theil 1. Nurnberg : in der Raspischen Buchhandlung pp. 1-96.
Esper, E.J. 1789. Die Pflanzenthiere. Nurnberg : in der Raspischen Buchhandlung pp. 1-97.
Esper, E.J. 1793. Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nest Beschreibungen. Theil 2. Nurnberg : in der raspischen Buchundlung pp. 181- 220.
Esper, E.J. 1795. Fortesetzungen der Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nest Beschreibungen. Nurnberg : in der Raspischen Buchundlung pp. 117-168.
Esper, E.J. 1796. Fortesetzungen der Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet nest Beschreibungen. Theil 1. Nurnberg : in der Rapischen Buchundlung pp. 169-230.
Esper, E.J. 1797. Die Pflanzenthiere, Fortsetzungen I, Nurnberg,. pp. 1-230.
Fabricius, K. & Alderslade, P. 2001. Soft Corals and Sea Fans. A comprehensive guide to the shallow water genera of the central-west Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Townsville, Queensland, Australia : Australian Institute of Marine Science pp. i-viii + 1-264.
Farquhar, H. 1895. Description of two new gymnoblastic Hydroids. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 27: 208-209, pl. 13
Farquhar, H. 1896. List of New Zealand Hydroida. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 28: 459-468
Farquhar, H. 1898. Preliminary account of some New-Zealand Actiniaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 26: 527-536
Faulkner, D. & Chesher, R. 1979. Living Corals. New York : Clarkson N. Potter, Inc 310 pp.
Faurot, L. 1895. Etudes sur l'anatomie, l'histologie et le developpement des actinies. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 3: 43-262
Fautin, D. 2002. Hexacorallians of the World. http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm.
Fautin, D.G. 1984. More Antarctic and Subantarctic sea anemones (Coelenterata: Corallimorpharia and Actinaria) Biology of the Antarctic Seas XVI. Antarctic Research Series Paper 1 41: 1-42
Fautin, D.G. 1987. Stylobates loisetteae, a new species of shell-forming sea anemone (Coelenterata: Actiniidae) from Western Australia. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 45(1): 1-7
Fautin, D.G. 2011. Hexacorallians of the World. http://geoportal.kgs.ku.edu/hexacoral/anemone2/index.cfm
Fautin, D.G. & den Hartog, J.C. 2003. An unusual sea anemone from slope depths of the tropical west Pacific: range extension and redescription of Isactinernus quadrilobatus Carlgren, 1918 (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Actinernidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 345: 103-116
Felix, J. 1915. Jungtertiare und Quartare Anthozocn von Timor und Obi I. Palaontologie von Timor, Stuttgart 2: 1-45
Felix, J. 1920. Jungtertiare und Quartarc Anthozoen von Timor und Obi II. Palaontologie von Timor, Stuttgart 13: 1-40
Fewkes, J.W. 1881. Report on the Acalephae. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, in 1878, 1879, and along the Atlantic coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 8: 127–140, pls 1–4
Fischer, G. Von Waldheim 1807. Museum Demidoff ou catalogue systematique et raisonne des curiosites de la nature et de l'art Donnees a l'Universite Imperiale de Moscou par son Excellence Monsieur Paul de Demidof. Tome Troisieme. Vegetaux et Animaux. 1-330 pp.
Fischer, P. 1889. Note sur le Pavonaria quadranguaris et sur les Pannatilides des côtes de France. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 14: 34-38
Fleming, J. 1823. Gleanings of natural history, gathered on the coast of Scotland during a voyage in 1821. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal 8: 294-303
Fleming, J. 1828. A History of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh (London) : Bell & Bradfute (and James Duncan) xxiii, 565 pp.
Folkeson, F. 1919. Results of Dr. E. Mjöbergs Swedish Scientific Expeditions to Australia 1910–1913. Part 22: Madreporaria. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Academiens Nya Handlingar, Stockholm 59(1): 1-23
Forbes, E. 1846. On the pulmograde medusae of the British seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1)7: 81- 85, 1 pl.
Forbes, E. 1847. Sarcophyton catenatum. pp. 179-180 in Johnston, G. (ed.). A History of British Zoophytes. London : John Van Voorst Vol. 1.
Forbes, E. 1848. A monograph of the British Naked-eyed Medusae with figures of all the species. London : The Ray Society 104 pp., pls 1-13.
Forskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones Animalium Avium, Amphibiorum, Piscium, Insectorum, Vermium; quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskal, Prof Havn. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuh. Havniae : ex Officina Molleri, aulae Typographi pp. 1-64.
Forskål, P. 1775. Descriptiones animalium avium, amphiborum, piscium, insectorum, vermium; quae in itinere orientali observatit Petrus Forskål, Prof. Havn. Post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr. Havniae: ex Officinia Molleri, aulae Typographi pp. 1-164.
Fraser, C.M. 1935. Some Japanese hydroids, mostly new. Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 105-112, pls 1-2
Fraser, C.M. 1937. Hydroids of the Pacific coast of Canada and the United States. Toronto : The University of Toronto Press 1-208, pls 1-44.
Fraser, C.M. 1938. Hydroids of the 1936 and 1937 Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions. Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 4: 107-127, pls 16-18
Fraser, C.M. 1940. Seven new species and one new genus of hydroids, mostly from the Atlantic Ocean. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 575-580, pls 32-33
Fyfe, M. 1929. A new freshwater hydroid from Otago. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 59: 813- 823
Gaertner, J. (ed.) 1774. Spicilega zoologica quibus novae imprimus et obscurae animalium species. Fasc. 10. Berolini : August Lange p. 41.
Garcia Corrales, P., Aguirre Inchaurbe, A. & González Mora, D. 1978. Contribución al conocimiento de los hidrozoos de las costas españolas. Parte I: Halecidos, Campanularidos y Plumularidos. Boletin del Instituto Español de Oceanografia 4 253: 5-73
Gardiner, J.S. 1897. On some collections of corals of the family Pocilloporidae from the S.W Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898: 941-953
Gardiner, J.S. 1898. On the fungid corals collected by the author in the South Pacific. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1898(3): 525-539
Gardiner, J.S. 1899. On the solitary corals, collected by Dr A. Willey. pp. 161-180 in Willey, Dr. A. (ed.). Zoological Results. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. 2.
Gardiner, J.S. 1904. Madreporaria, I Introduction, II Astraeidae. 756 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. 2.
Gardiner, J.S. 1905. Madreporaria III Fungidal V. Turbinolidae. pp. 933-957 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. 2.
Gardiner, J.S. 1909. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905. The madreporarian corals I. The family Fungiidae, with a revision of its genera and species with an account of their geographical distribution. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2nd Series Zoology 12: 257-290
Gardiner, J.S. & Waugh, P. 1939. Madreporaria excluding Flabellidae and Turbinolidae. Scientific Reports of the John Murray Expedition 1933-1934 6: 225-242
Genth, C. 1867. Uber Solenogorgia tubulosa. (Eine neue Gattung der Gorgoniden.). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 17(3): 429-442
Germanos, N.K. 1895. Gorgonaceen von Ternate. Zoologischer Anzeiger 18: 442-448, 453-458
Gerth, H. 1923. Die Anthozoenfauna des Jungtertiars von Borneo. Sammlung des Geologischen Reichsmuseums in Leiden 1 10: 37-136
Gerth, H. 1925. Jungtertiare Korallen von Nias, Java und Borneo, nebst einer uebersicht iiber die aus dem Kanozoikum des Indischen Archipels bekannten Artcn. Leidsche Geologische Mededelingen 1: 22-82
Gilchrist, J.D.F. 1918. On a species of the crawling medusa Eleutheria, from the Cape of Good Hope (Cnidonema capensis, g. et sp. n.) and the southern Eleutheriae. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 63: 509-529, pl. 30
Gmelin, J.F. 1791. Linnaeus, C. Systema Naturae. Vol. 1, part 6 (Vermes). Thirteenth edition. Lipsiae (Leipzig) : G.E. Beer pp. 3021-3910.
Gohar, H.A. 1940. A revision of some genera of the stolonifera (with an emended system of classification and the description of two new species). Publication of the Marine Biological Station Ghardaqa (Red Sea) 3: 1-25
Gohar, H.A.F. 1939. On a new xeniid genus Efflatounaria. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 11 3: 32-36
Gohar, H.A.F. 1940. Studies on the Xenidae of the Red Sea. Publication of the Marine Biological Station Ghardaqa (Red Sea) 2: 25-118
Goldfuss 1820. Handbuch der Zoologie. Erste Abtheilung. Nürnberg, 1820. Nürnberg : Erste Abtheilung.
Grant, R. 1976. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Isididae (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) New Zealand and the Antarctic. N.Z. Oceanographic Institute Memoir 66: 1-56
Grasshoff, M. 1999. The shallow water gorgonians of New Caledonia and adjacent islands (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana Biologica 78(1/2)
Grasshoff, M. & Alderslade, P. 1997. Gorgoniidae of Indo-Pacific Reefs with description of two new genera. Senckenbergiana Biologica 77(1): 23-35
Gravier, C. 1908. Recherches sur quelques Alcyonaires du Golfe de Tadjourah. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 4 8(2): 179-266
Gravier, C. 1910. Sur quelques formes nouvdles de Aladreporaires de la baic de Tadjourah. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 16: 273-276
Gravier, C. 1916. Sur un type nouveau d'actinie de l'ile San Thomé (Golfe de Guinée). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 22: 234-236
Gravier, CH. 1907. Sur un genre nouveau de pennatulides (Mesobelemnon n.g. gracile n.sp.). Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 13: 159-161
Gray, J,E. 1857. Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (278-294) [Date published 1858]
Gray, J.E. 1835. Characters of a new genus of Corals (Nidalia). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 3: 59-60
Gray, J.E. 1843. Additional radiated animals and annelides. pp. 177-295 in Dieffenbach, E. (ed). Fauna of New Zealand. Travels in New Zealand, with Contributions to ... and Natural History of that Country. London : John Murray Vol. 2.
Gray, J.E. 1848. Description of Sarcoptilus, a new genus of Pennatulidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1848: 45
Gray, J.E. 1848. List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. Centroniae or radiated animals. London : Trustees of the British Museum 173 pp.
Gray, J.E. 1849. Description of a new species of Gorgonia from Australia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 17: 146-147
Gray, J.E. 1849. Description of some new corals, including a new British coral discovered by W. MacAndrew, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1849: 74-75
Gray, J.E. 1857. Description of a new genus of Gorgoniadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 128-129
Gray, J.E. 1857. Description of new genera of Gorgoniadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 158-159
Gray, J.E. 1858. Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1857: 278-294
Gray, J.E. 1859. Descriptions of some new genera of Lithophytes, or stony Zoophytes. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 479-486
Gray, J.E. 1860. Revision of the family Pennatulidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 5: 20-25
Gray, J.E. 1862. Description of some new species of Spoggodes and a new allied genus (Morchellana) in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 10: 27-31
Gray, J.E. 1862. Description of two new genera of zoophytes (Solenocaulon and Bellonella) discovered on the north coast of Australia by Mr. Rayner. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1862: 34-37
Gray, J.E. 1866. Descriptions of two new forms of gorgonioid corals. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 24-27
Gray, J.E. 1867. Additional note on Corallium johnsoni. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1867: 125-127
Gray, J.E. 1868. Descriptions of some new genera and species of Alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 2: 441-445
Gray, J.E. 1868. Descriptions of some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 2: 441-445
Gray, J.E. 1868. Notes on the Ceratelladae, a family of keratose sponges. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1868: 575-579
Gray, J.E. 1869. Descriptions of some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 3: 21-23
Gray, J.E. 1869. Notes on the fleshy alcyonoid corals (Alcyonium, Linn., or Zoophytaria carnosa). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 3: 117-131
Gray, J.E. 1870. Catalogue of the lithophytes or stony corals in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum pp. 1-51.
Gray, J.E. 1870. Catalogue of the sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum. London : British Museum pp. 1-40.
Gray, J.E. 1870. Notes on some new genera and species of alcyonoid corals in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 5: 405-408
Gray, J.E. 1872. Notes on the corals from the South and Antarctic seas. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 744-747
Greig, J.A. 1887. Bidrag til norske Alcyonarier. Bergens Museums Arsberetning 1-26
Griffith, J.K. 1994. Predation on Soft Corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 45: 1281-1284
Griffith, J.K. & Fromont, J. 1998. A catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Western Australian Museum of Natural Science, Perth. Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 223-239
Guenther, R.T. 1903. Report on the Coelenterata from the intermediate waters of the North Atlantic, obtained by Mr George Murray during the cruise of the "Oceana" in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (6)11: 269-275
Haddon, A.C. 1898. The Actiniaria of Torres Straits. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 6(2): 393-520
Haddon, A.C. & Shackleton, A.M. 1893. Description of some new species of Actiniaria from Torres Straits. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 8(1): 116-131
Haddon, A. C & Duerden, J.E. 1896. On some Actiniaria from Australia and other districts. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society 6(6): 139-172
Hadzi, J. 1913. Poredbena hidroidska istrazivanja. I. Hebella parasitica (Ciamician). (S. dodatkom: Hebellopsis brochi g. et sp. n.: Hebella (?) gigas Pieper). Rad Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti 198: 105-210
Haeckel, E. 1876. Arabische Korallen Ein Ausflug nach den Korallenbanken des Rothen Meeres und ein Blick in des Leben der Korallenthiere. Berlin, Georg. Reimer. Berlin : Georg. Reimer 48 pp.
Haeckel, E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen [Craspedotae]. Denkschriften der Medizinisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft zu Jena 1: 1-360; Atlas 20 pls
Hargitt, C.W. 1924. Hydroids of the Philippine Islands. Philipp. Journal of Science 24: 467-507, pls 1-6
Hargitt, C.W. 1927. Some hydroids of South China. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 491-520, pls 1-2
Harting, P.M., Miquel, Hoeven, J. van der. 1861. Organisch Voorwerp (Crinillum). Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Afdeeling Natuurjunde). Amsterdam 11: 294-294
Hartlaub, C. 1897. Die Hydromedusen Helgolands. 2. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen 2: 449-536, pls 14-23
Hartlaub, C. 1901. Hydroiden aus dem Stillen Ocean. Ergebnisse einer Reise nach dem Pacific (Schauinslandt 1896-97). Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik 14: 349-379, pls 21-22
Hartlaub, C. 1901. Revision der Sertularella-Arten. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Hamburg 1-143, pls 1-6
Hartlaub, C. 1904. Zoologies: Hydroiden. Résultats du voyage du S.Y. Belgica en 1897-1898-1899: sous le commandement de A. de Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports scientifiques publiés aux frais du gouvernement belge, sous la direction de la Commission de la Belgica. Vol. R25 1-19, pls 1-4.
Hartlaub, C. 1905. Die Hydroiden der Magalhaensischen Region und chilenischen Küste. 497-714 in . Fauna chilensis. Zoologische Jahrbücher 6(3)
Hartlaub, C. 1914. XII. Craspedote Medusen. I. Teil, 3. Lief.: Familie IV Tiaridae. Nordisches Plankton 6: 237-363
Hartlaub, C. 1917. Craspedote Medusen. Teil I Leif. 4. Willidae. Amsterdam : Reprint by A. Asher & Co., 1964 Pp 365-479.
Hassall, A.H. 1848. Definitions of three new British zoophytes. Zoologist 6: 22-23
Hedlund, T. 1890. Einige Muriceiden der Gattungen Acanthogorgia, Paramuricea und Echinomuricea im zoologischen Museum der Universitet U.psala. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 16 4(6): 1-19
Herklots, J.A. 1858. Notices pour servir a l'etude des polypiers nageurs ou pennatulides. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 7: 1-31
Herklots, J.A. 1863. Descriptions de deux espèces nouvelles de Pennatulides des Mers de la Chine. Nederlandsch Tijdschrift voor de Dierkunde 1: 31-34
Hertwig, R. 1882. Die Actinien der Challenger Expedition. Jena : Gustav Fischer 119 pp.
Hertwig, R. 1882. Report on the Actiniaria dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 6: 1-136
Hickson, S.J. 1886. Preliminary Notes on certain Zoological Observations made at Talisse Island, North Celebes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 40: 322-325 [Date published April 15, 1886]
Hickson, S.J. 1890. Preliminary report on a collection of Alcyonaria from Port Philip. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 2(2): 136-140
Hickson, S.J. 1894. A revision of the genera of the Alcyonaria Stolonifera, with a description of one new genus and several new species. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 13(9): 325-347
Hickson, S.J. 1903. The Alcyonaria of the Maldives. Part 1. The genera Xenia, Telesto, Spongodes, Nephthya, Paraspongodes, Chironephthya, Siphonogorgia, Solenocaulon and Melitodes. pp. 473-502 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Vol. 2(1).
Hickson, S.J. 1904. Tha Alcyonaria of the Cape of Good Hope. Marine Investigations in South Africa 3: 211-239
Hickson, S.J. 1905. The ALcyonaria of the Maldives. Part 3. The families Muriceidae, Gorgonellidae, Melitodidae, and the genera Pennatula, Eunephthya. pp. 807-826 in Gardiner, J.S. (ed.). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagos. Vol. 2(4).
Hickson, S.J. 1907. Coelenterata 1. Alcyonaria. National Antarctic Expedition (S.S.Discovery) 3: 1-15
Hickson, S.J. 1916. The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 14: 1-265
Hickson, S.J. 1921. On some Alcyonaria in the Cambridge Museum. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 20(3): 366-373
Hickson, S.J. 1928. The Gorgonacea of Panama Bay, together with a description of one species from the Galapagos islands and one from Trinidad. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 85: 325-422
Hickson, S.J. 1930. Some Alcyonarians from the East Pacific Ocean. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 14: 209-228
Hickson, S.J. 1931. The alcyonarian family Xeniidae, with a revision of the genera and species. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4(5): 137-179
Hickson, S.J. 1932. Gorgonacea. Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 4(13): 459-512
Hickson, S.J. 1937. The family Melitodidae. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London 23(3): 73-209
Hickson, S.J. & Hiles, I.L. 1900. The stolonifera and Alcyonacea collected by Dr. Willey in New Britain, etc. pp. 493-508 in Willey, A. (ed.). Zoological results based on material from New Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895, 1896 and 1897. Cambridge : Cambridge [Eng.] University Press 1898-1902 Vol. 4.
Hickson. S.J. 1938. The Gorgonacea from Torres Straits collected by Prof. A.C. Haddon, F.R.S., 1888-1889, with notes on the genera Hicksonella and Pseudothesea. Zoological Society of London 108(3): 585-610
Hiles, I.L. 1899. The gorgonacea collected by Dr Willey. pp. 195-206 in Zoological results based on material from new Britain, New Guinea, Loyalty Islands and elsewhere, collected during the years 1895 1896 and 1897, by Arthur Willey, part 2. Arthur Willey.
Hilgendorf, F.W. 1898. On the hydroids of the neighbourhood of Dunedin. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 30: 200-218, pls 16-21
Hincks, Th. 1853. Further notes on British zoophytes, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2 11: 178-185
Hincks, Th. 1861. On new Australian Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 7: 279-281, pls 12-13
Hincks, Th. 1866. On Ophiodes, a new genus of Hydroida. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3 18: 421-423, pl. 14
Hincks, Th. 1868. A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. London : John Van Voorst Vol. 1, lxviii, 338 pp.; Vol. 2, pls 1-67.
Hincks, Th. 1874. On deep-water Hydroida from Iceland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4 13: 146-153, pls 6-8
Hirohito 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II. Tokyo : Publications of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household Tokyo 1995. i-vii, 1-355 (English text); 1-244 (Japanese text), pls 1-1.
Hodgson, M.M. 1950. A revision of the Tasmanian Hydroida. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 1949: 1-65
Hoeksema, B.W. 1989. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 254: 1-295
Hoffmeister, J.E. 1925. Some corals from American Samoa and the Fiji Islands. Papers from the Department of Marine Biology of the Carnegie Institution of Washington 22: 1-90
Hoffmeister, J.E. 1932. Corals 'Geology of Eua, Tonga'. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 96: 1-93
Hoffmeister, J.E. 1933. Report on deep sea corals obtained by the FIS Endeavour on the coasts of NSW, VIC, SA and TAS. Biological Results of the Fishing Experiments carried on by the F.I.S. Endeavour 1909-1914 6(1): 1-16
Holm, O. 1894. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Alcyoniden gattung Spongodes Lesson. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 8(1): 8-57
Horst, C.J. van der 1919. A new species of Fungia. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 5: 65-66
Horst, C.J. van der 1921. The Madreporaria of the Siboga Expedition. II. Madreporaria Fungida. Siboga Expeditie 16b: 53-98
Horst, C.J. van der 1922. The Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905 IX Madreporaria Agariciidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2nd Series Zoology 18: 417-429
Horst, C.J. van der 1926. Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905 Madreporaria, Eupsammidae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London Zoology 2 19: 43-53
Houttuyn, M. 1772. De Zee-Gewassen. In, Natuurlyke Historie of uitvoerige Beschryving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, volgens het Samenstel van den Heer Linnaeus. Deel 1, Vol. 17, pp. i-vii, 1-614, pls 126-138. Amsterdam : F. Houttuyn.
Hubrecht, A.A.W. 1885. On a new pennatulid from the Japanese Sea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 512-518
Hutton, F.W. 1873. On the New Zealand sertularians. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 5: 256-269
Hutton, F.W. 1878. The Sea Anemones of New Zealand. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 11: 308-314
Inaba, M. 1892. Soshu, Miura, Misaki ni oide edaru Hydroidea (Hydroids collected at Miura and Misaki in Soshu). Zoological Magazine, Tokyo 4: 93-101, 124-131 (In Japanese)
Jarvis, F.E. 1922. The hydroids from the Chagos, Seychelles and other islands and from the coasts of British East Africa and Zanzibar. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London Zoology 218 1: 331-360, pls 24-26
Johnston, G. 1847. A History of the British Zoophytes. London : van Voorst Vol. 1, i-xvi, 1-488, figs 1-87; Vol. 2 pls 1-74.
Kent, W.S. 1893. The Great Barrier Reef Of Australia; Its Products and Potentialities. London : W.H. Allen and Co., Limited. 387 pp.
Kinoshita, K. 1909. On some muriceid corals belonging to the genera Filligella and Acis. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo 27(7): 1-16
Kirchenpauer, G.H. 1864. Neue Sertulariden aus verschiedenen Hamburgischen Sammlungen, nebst allgemeinen Bemerkungen über Lamouroux's Gattung Dynamena. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 31: 1-16, pl. 31
Kirchenpauer, G.H. 1872. Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae einzelne Gruppen derselben und ihre Fruchtbehälter. I. Aglaophenia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Hamburg 6: 1-58, pls 1- 8
Kirchenpauer, G.H. 1876. Ueber die Hydroidenfamilie Plumularidae, einzelne Gruppe derselben und ihre Fruchtbehälter. II. Plumularia und Nemertesia. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Hamburg 6: 1-59, pls 1-8. Kirchenpauer, G.H. 1884. Nordische Gattungen
Kirchenpauer, G.H. 1884. Nordische Gattungen und Arten von Sertulariden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Hamburg 8: 93-144
Kirk, H.B. 1915. On Ascidioclava, a new genus of gymnoblastic hydroids. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 47: 146-148, pl. 1
Kirkpatrick, R. 1890. Reports on the zoological collections made in Torres Straits by professor A.C. Haddon, 1888-1889. Hydroida and Polyzoa. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften. Hamburg 8: 93-144, pls 11-16
Kirkpatrick, R. 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by P.W. Bassett-Smith. Esq. Surgeon R.N. during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H.M.S. "Rambler", commander W.U. Moore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6. 11-24, pls 3-5
Kitahara M.V., Cairns S.D., Stolarski, J., Blair, D. & Miller, D.J. 2010. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) based on mitochondrial CO1 sequence data. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11490. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011490
Klunzinger, C.B. 1877. Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Berlin : Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung 98 pp.
Klunzinger, C.B. 1877. Die Korallthiere des rothen Meeres. Erster Theil: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Berlin : Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung 98 pp.
Klunzinger, C.B. 1877. Die Korallthiere des rothen Meeres Erster Theil: Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen. Berlin : Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung pp. 1-98.
Klunzinger, C.B. 1879. Die Korallenthiere des Rothen Meeres. Berlin : Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung Vol. 2 pp. 1-88.
Kölliker, R.A. 1865. Icones histiologicae oder Atlas der vergleichenden Gewebelehre. Zweite Abtheilung. Der feinere Bau der hoheren Thiere. Erstes Heft. Die Bindesubstanz der Coelenteraten. Leipzig : Wilhelm Engelmann i-iv + 87-181, pls. 10-19.
Kolliker, R.A. 1869. Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 7, 8: (7)111-255 (1869), 487-602 (1870), (8) 85-275 (1872)
Kölliker, R.A. 1871. Bietrage zur Kenntniss der Polypen. Verhandlungen Physikalish-Medicinische Gesellschaft, Wurzburg 2: 11-29
Kolliker, R.A. 1872. Anatomisch-systematische Beschreibung der Alcyonarien. Erste Abtheilung: Die Pennatuliden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 7/8: 1-458
Kolliker, R.A. 1875. Die Pennatulide Umbellula und zwei neue Typen der Alcyonarien. 1-23 in . Festschrift zur Feier des funfundzwanzigjahrigen Bestehens der physicalisch-medicinischen. Gesellschaft Wurzburg
Kolliker, R.A. 1880. Report on the Pennatulida, dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 1: 1-41
Kolonko, K. 1926. Beitrage zu einer Revision der Alcyonarien. Die Gattung Sinularia. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 12(2): 291-334
Koren, J. & Danielssen, D.C. 1877. Contribution to the natural history of the Pennatulidae living on the Norwegian coast. pp. 82-102 in Sars, M., Koren, J. & Danielssen, D.C. (eds). Fauna Littoralis Norvegiae. Vol. 3.
Koren, J. & Danielssen, D.C. 1883. Nye Alcyonider, Gorgonider og Pennatulider tilhorende Norges Fauna. Bergens Museum. Bergen : John Griegs Bogtrykkeri pp. [i-ii] + I-XVI + 1-38.
Kramp, P.L. 1948. Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae from the 'Michael Sars' North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910, with additions on Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, and scyphomedusae. Report of the Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep Sea Expedition 1910 5(9): 1-23, figs 1-7, pl. I
Kramp, P.L. 1959. Some new and little known Indo-Pacific medusae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn 121: 223-259
Kramp, P.L. 1961. Synopsis of the medusae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 40: 1-469
Krempf, A. 1905. Liste des Hexanthides(1) rapport's de l'Ocean Indien (Golfe de Tadjourah) par M. Ch. Gravier. Bulletin of the Museum of Paris 11: 191-196
Kükenthal, W. 1896. Alcyonaceen von Ternate. 81-144 in Kukenthal, W. (ed.). Ergebnisse einer zoologischen Forschungsreise in den Molukken und Borneo, im Auftrage der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft ausgefuhrt von Dr. Willy Kukenthal, Teil 2, Band 1. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 23(1)
Kükenthal, W. 1902. Diagnosen neuer Umbelluliden aus der Ausbeute der deutschen Tiefseeexpedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25(679): 593-597
Kukenthal, W. 1902. Diagnosen neuer Umbelluliden aus der Ausbeute der deutschen Tiefseeexpedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25(679): 593-597
Kükenthal, W. 1903. Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 19(1): 99-178
Kukenthal, W. 1903. Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 19(1): 99-178
Kükenthal, W. 1904. Uber einige Korallentiere des Roten Meeres Festschrift zum siebzigsten Geburtstage von Ernst Haeckel herausgegeben von seinen Schulern und Freunden. Jenaische Denkschriften 11: 31-58
Kükenthal, W. 1905. Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonaceen 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 2 Teil. Die Gattungen Dendronephthya n.g. und Stereonephthya n.g. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 21(5/6): 503-726
Kükenthal, W. 1906. Alcyonacea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 13(1): 1-111
Kükenthal, W. 1906. Japanische Alcyonaceen. 9-86 in Doflein, F. (ed.). Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Suppl. 1(1)
Kükenthal, W. 1907. Diagnosen neuer Gorgoniden aus der Familie Plexauridae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32(17): 495-504
Kükenthal, W. 1907. Gorgoniden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 31(7): 202-212
Kükenthal, W. 1908. Diagnosen neuer gorgoniden (4. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger 33(3): 9-20
Kükenthal, W. 1908. Die Gorgonidenfamilie der Melitodidae Verr. Zoologischer Anzeiger 33(7/8): 189-201
Kükenthal, W. 1909. Diagnosen neuer Alcyonarien (7. Mitteilung). Zoologischer Anzeiger 35(1/2): 46-53
Kükenthal, W. 1909. Japanische Gorgoniden 2. Teil:Die Familien der Plexauriden, Chrysogorgiiden und Melitodiden. 1-78 in Doflein, F. (ed.). Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Suppl. 1(5)
Kükenthal, W. 1910. Alcyonaria 1. Teil. pp. 1-108 in Michaelsen, W. & Hartmeyer, R. (eds). Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 3 (1).
Kukenthal, W. 1910. Pennatuliden der Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger 36(2/3): 51-58
Kükenthal, W. 1910. Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Anthomastus Verr. 10-14 in Doflein, F. (ed.). Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Suppl. 1(9): 16 pp., 1 pl.
Kükenthal, W. 1911. Alcyonarien von der Aru- und Kei-Inseln nach den Sammlungen von DrH. Merton. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 33: 307-346
Kükenthal, W. 1912. Die Alcyonaria der deutschen Sudpolar Expedition 1901-1903. 289-349 in Drygalski, E. von (ed.). Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901-1903, 13. Band. Zoologie 5(3)
Kükenthal, W. 1913. Alcyonaria des Roten Meeres. In: Expeditionen S.M. Schiff "Pola" in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse 29. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 89. 1-31 pp.
Kükenthal, W. 1915. Pennatularia. Das Tierreich 43: 1-132
Kükenthal, W. 1915. System und Stammesgeschichte der Primnoidae. Zoologischer Anzeiger 46(5): 142-158
Kükenthal, W. 1916. System und Stammesgeschichte der Scleraxonier und der Ursprung der Holaxonier. Zoologischer Anzeiger 47(6): 170-183
Kukenthal, W. 1916. System und Stammesgeschichte der Scleraxonier und der Ursprung der Holaxonier. Zoologischer Anzeiger 47(6): 170-183
Kükenthal, W. 1919. Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 13(2): 1-946
Kukenthal, W. 1919. Gorgonaria. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 13(2): 1-946
Kükenthal, W. 1924. Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich 47: 1-478 209
Kukenthal, W. 1924. Gorgonaria. Das Tierreich 47: 1-478, 209 figs
Kükenthal, W. & Broch, H. 1911. Pennatulacea. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898–1899 13(1)(2): 113-576
Kukenthal, W. & Gorzawsky, H. 1908. Diagnosen neuer japanischer Gorgoniden (Reise Doflein 1904-05. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 621-631
Kükenthal, W. & Gorzawsky, H. 1908. Japanische Gorgoniden 1. Teil: Die Familien der Primnoiden, Muriceiden und Acanthogorgiiden. 1-71 in Doflein, F. (ed.). Beitrage zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Suppl. 1(3)
Kwietniewski, C.R. 1896. Actiniaria von Ternate, nach den Sammlungen von Herrn Prof. Dr. W. K?kenthal. Zoologischer Anzeiger 19: 388-391
Kwietniewski, C.R. 1898. Systematik, tiergeographie, anatomie wirbelloser tiere. pp. 385-430 in Semon, R. (ed.). Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und dem Malayischen Archipelago. Jena : Gustav Fischer.
Laackmann, H. 1909. Zur Kenntnis der Alcyonarien-Gattung Telesto Lmx. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 11(1): 41-104
Lacaze-Duthiers, H. de 1900. Coralliaires du Golfe du Lion. Alcyonaires. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale 3 8: 353-462
Lager, E. 1911. Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905. Jena : Gustav Fischer Vol. 3 pp. 215-249.
Lamarck, J.B. 1801. Système des Animaux sans Vertèbres, ou, Tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaus; présentant leurs caractères essentials et leur distribution, d'après la considération de leurs rapports naturels et de leur organisation, et suivant l'arrangement établi dans les galeries du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées; précéde du Discours d'ouverture de l'an VIII de la République. Paris : Déterville viii 432 pp.
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de 1801. Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris : chez l'auteur, au Museum d'Hist. Naturelle pp. 1-432.
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de 1801. Systeme des animaux sans vertebres, ou tableau general des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux... Paris : Chez Deterville 432 pp.
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1815. Sur les polypiers corticiferes. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 1-2: (v1) 401-416, 467-476, (v2) 76-84, 157-164, 227-240
Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M. 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Paris : Verdière Vol. 2 pp. 1-568.
Lamberts, A.E. 1980. Two new species of Astreopora (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia) from the Mid-Pacific. Pacific Science 34(3): 261-7
Lamouroux, J.V. 1812. Extrait d'un memoire sur la classification des polypiers coralligenes non entierement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris 3: 63-188
Lamouroux, J.V. 1816. Histoire des polypiers coralligenes flexibles, vulgairement nommes Zoophytes. Caen : F. Poisson pp. 1-560.
Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1812. Extrait d'un mémoire sur la classification des Polypes coralligènes non entièrement pierreux. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris 3: 181-188
Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1816. Histoire des Polypiers Coralligènes flexibles vulgairement nommés Zoophytes. Caen : Poisson i-ixxxiv, 1-560, pls 1-19.
Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1821. Exposition Méthodique des genres de l'Ordre des Polypiers, avec leur Description et celle des Principales espèces, figurées dans 84 planches, les 63 premières appartenant á l'histoire naturelle des zoophytes d'Ellis et Solander. Paris : Agasse, i-viii, fold-out table, 1-115, pls 1-85.
Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1821. Exposition méthodique des genres de l'ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celles des principales espèces figurées dans 84 planches; les 63 premiers appartenant a l'histoire naturelle des zoophytes d'Ellis et Solander. Paris : V.Agasse pp. 1-115.
Lamouroux, J.V.F. 1824. Polypiers flexibles. pp. 603-693 in Quoy, J.R.C. & Gaimard, J.P. (eds). Voyage autour du monde (execute sur les corvettes de S.M. i'Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les annes 1817, 1819 et 1820, par M. Louis de Freycinet). Paris : Pillet.
Latypov, Y.Y. 1992. Scleractinian corals of Vietnam. Part II. Acroporidae. Moscow : Nauka 133 pp.
Leloup, E. 1930. Sur un hydropolype nouveau, Thecocarpus leopoldi nov. sp. des Indes orientales néerlandaises. Bulletin du Muséum Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 6: 1-3
Leloup, E. 1935. Hydraires calyptoblastiques des Indes Occidentales. [Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Cura‡ao und Aruba im Jahre 1930, No. 13.]. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2 2: 1-73
Lesson, R.P. 1826. Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté‚ par Ordre du Roi, sur la Corvette de sa Majesté, 'La Coquille', Pendant les Années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1835. Histoire naturelle, zoologie. Atlas. Zoophytes. Paris : Arthus Bertrand.
Lesson, R.P. 1829. Zoophytes. In, Voyage Autour du Monde, Exécuté par Ordre du Roi sur la corvette de Sa Majesté La Coquille pendant les années 1822–1825 … par M.L.I. Duperey, Capitaine de Frégate, Zoologie, Vol. 2, Part 2, pp. 151, 16 pls. Paris : Bertrand.
Lesson, R.P. 1831. Histoire naturelle des zoophytes recueillies dans la voyage de la corvette la Coquille. In, Duperry, L.I. (ed.). Voyage autour du monde...sur la Coquille pendant...1822-25. Zoology, par Lesson et Garnot.
Lesson, R.P. 1831. Illustrations de zoologie ou recueil de figures d'animaux peintes d'apres nature. Paris : A. Bertrand.
Lesson, R.P. 1832. Illustrations de Zoologie Zoophytes.
Lesson, R.P. 1834. Zoophytes. pp. 505-519 in De Ch Bélanger (ed.). Voyage aux Indes Orientales par le nord de l'Europe pendant 1825-1829. Paris.
Lesson, R.P. 1836. Mémoire sur la famille de Beroidae Lies. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie (2)5: 235-266
Lesson, R.P. 1843. Histoire Naturelle des Zoophytes. Acalèphes. Nouvelles Suites à Buffon, formant avec les oeuvres de cet auteur, un cours complet d'histoire naturelle. Paris : Libraire encyclopédique de Roret viii, 596 pp., pls 1-12.
Leuckart, F.S. 1841. Observationes zoologicae de Zoophytis coralliis, speciatim de genere Fungia. pp. 1-60.
Lindahl, J. 1874. Om Pennatulid-Slagtet Umbellula Cuv. Kongelige Svenska Vetenskaps Akademiens nya Handlingar 13(3): 1-22
Lindstrom, G. 1877. Contributions to the actinology of the Atlantic Ocean. Kungliga Svenska Ventenskapsakademiens Handlingar 14(6): 1-26
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna tria Naturae, secundem Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentis, Synonymis, Locis. Tom.1 Editio decima, reformata. Holmiae : Laurentii Salvii 824 pp.
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema naturae, per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Holmiae [= Stockholm] : L. Salvii Vol. 1(2) 12, pp. 533-1327.
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio duodecima, reformata 1(2). Stockholm : L. Salvii, Holmiae 33-1328 + 36 pp. of unpaginated indexes and appendix.
Lüttschwager, J. 1914. Beiträge zu einer Revision der Familie Alcyoniidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte A 80(10): 1-42
Ma, T.Y. 1937. On the growth rate of reef corals and its relation to sea water temperature. Paleontologia Sinica B16(1): 1-226
Ma, T.Y. 1959. Effect of water temperature on growth rate of reef corals. Oceanographica Sinica Spec 1: 1-116
Maas 1909. Japanische Medusen. Ex: Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte Ostasiens. Herausgegeben von Dr F. Doflein. Abhandlungen der mathematisch-physikalischen Klasse der königlich Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften suppl. 1 8: 1-52
Maas, O. 1905. Die Craspedoten Medusen der Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 10: 1-85, pls 1- 14
Macfadyen, L.M. 1936. Alcyonaria (Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Telestacea and Gorgonacea). Scientific Reports of the Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-1929 5(2): 19-72
Macgillivray, J. 1842. Catalogue of the marine zoophytes of the neighbourhood of Aberdeen. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 9: 462-469
Madsen, F.J. 1944. Octocorallia. Danish Ingolf Expedition. Copenhagen 5(13): 1-65
Mammen, T.A. 1965. On a collection of hydroids from South India. II. Suborder Thecata (excluding family Plumulariidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 7: 1-57, figs 30-89, tab. 2
Marenzeller, E.V. 1901. Ostafrikanische Steinkorallen. Naturwissenschaftliche Hamburg 18: 117-134
Marenzeller, E.V. 1907. Riftkorallen Expeditionen S.M. Pola in das Rote Meer. Zoologische Ergebnisse XXVI. Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien 80: 27-97
Marenzeller, E. von 1886. Uber die Sarcophytum benannten Alcyoniiden. Zoologische Jahrbücher 1(2): 341-368
Margulis, R.Ya 1989. New hydroid jelly-fishes of the family Tubulariidae (Coelenterata, Hydrozoa). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 68(6): 126-130
Marion, A.F. 1906. Étude des Coelentérés atlantiques recueillies par la Commission de dragages de l'aviso le “Travailleur” durant les campagnes 1880 et 1881. Oeuvres posthumes du A.-F. Marion. Reunies par Paul Gourret. IV. Les Alcyonaires de la premiere expedition du Travailleur. Expéditions scientifiques du "Travailleur" et "Talisman". 103-151 pp.
Marktanner-Turneretscher, G. 1890. Die Hydroiden des K.K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 5: 195-286, pls 3-7
Marshall, A.M. 1887. Report on the Pennatulida dredged by H.M.S. "Triton". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 32: 119-152
Marshall, A.M. & Fowler, G.H. 1887. Report on the Pennatulida dredged by H.M.S. "Porcupine". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 33(2): 453-464
Matthai, G. 1924. Report on the madreporarian corals in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 8: 1-59
Matthai, G. 1928. Catalogue of Madreporarian Corals in the British Museum (Natural History): A monograph of the recent meandroid Astraeidae. London : Longmans Green and Co Vol. VII pp. 1-288.
May, W. 1898. Die von Dr. Stuhlmann im Jahre 1889 gesammelten ostafrikanischen Alcyonaceen des Hamburger Museums. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten 15(2): 1-38
May, W. 1899. Beitrage zur Systematic und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 33: 1-180
McCrady, J. 1857. Description of Oceania (Turritopsis) nutricula nov. sp. and the embryological history of a singular medusan larva, found in the cavity of its bell. Proceedings of the Elliott Society of Natural History of Charleston, South Carolina 1: 55-90, pls 4-7
Meyen, F.J.F. 1834. Beiträge zur Zoologie gesammelt auf einer Reise um die Erde, von Dr F.J.F. Meyen. V. Ueber das Leuchten des Meeres und Beschreibung einiger Polypen und anderer niederer Tiere. Nova Acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 125-216
Michalek-Wagner, K. & Willis, B.L. 2001. Impacts of bleaching on the soft coral Lobophytum compactum I Fecundity, fertilization and offspring viability. Coral Reefs 19: 231-239
Michelin, H. 1842. Description d'une nouvelle espèce de Zoophyte du genre Fongie. Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne 5: 316
Millard, N.A.H. 1964. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part II. The Lafoeidae, Syntheciidae and Sertulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 48: 1-56
Millard, N.A.H. & Bouillon, J. 1973. Hydroids from the Seychelles (Coelenterata). Annales du Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale. Série in Octavo. Sciences Zoologiques 206: 1- 106, pls 1-5
Milne-Edwards, H. [& Haime, J.] 1857. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires ou Polypes Proprement Dits. Paris : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret Vol. 1 326 pp.
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1848. Recherches sur les polypiers Mem. 3 Monographic des Eupsammides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie 3e Série 70: 65-114
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1848. Recherches sur les polypiers Mem. 4 Monographic des Astreides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie 3e Série 209-320
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1849. Memoire sur les polypiers appartenant a la famille des Oculinides, au groupe interme'diaire des Pseudoastreides et a la famille des Fongides. Comptes Rendus (Hebdomadaires) des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 29: 67-73
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1850. A monograph of the British fossil corals. Part 1: Intoduction; corals from the Tertiary and Cretaceous formations. London : Palaeontological Society pp. i-lxxxv + 1-71.
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1850. Classification of polypi. A monograph of the British fossil corals. Palaeontographical Society, London 1: viii-xxxv
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1851. Recherches sur les polypiers Mem. 6 Monographic des Fongides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie 3e Série 15: 73-144
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1851. Recherches sur les polypiers Mem. 7, Monographic des Poritides. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie 3e Série 16: 21-70
Milne-Edwards, H. & Haime, J. 1857. Re-cherches sur les polypiers. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 12: 95-197
Moll, H. & Best, M.B. 1984. New scleractinian corals (Anthozoa: Scleractinia) from the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 58(4): 47-58
Montanaro, E. 1932. Faune attinologiche plio-pleistoceniche dell'Africa Orientale. Palaeontographia Italica XXXIII (Nuova Serie) III: 141-209
Moroff, T. 1902. Studien uber Octocorallien. 1. Uber die Pennatulceen des Munchener Museums; 2. Uber einige neue Gorgonaceen aus Japan. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 17: 363-410
Moseley, H.N. 1876. On the structure and relations of the alcyonarian Heliopora coerulea, with some account of the anatomy of a species of Sarcophyton; notes on the structure of species of the genera. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 156: 91-129
Moseley, H.N. 1880. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 2(7): 1-248
Moseley, H.N. 1881. On the deep-sea Madreporaria. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 2: 127-208
Moser, J. 1919. Beitrage zu einer Revision der Alcyonarien 1. Die Gattungen Sarcophyton Lesson und Lobophytum Marenzeller. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 9: 219-293
Muirhead, A. & Ryland, J.S. 1985. A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History 19: 323-335
Mulder, J.F. & Trebilcock, R.E. 1909. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with descriptions of new species. Geelong Naturalist 4: 29-35, pl. 1
Mulder, J.F. & Trebilcock, R.E. 1911. Notes on Victorian Hydroida, with description of new species. Geelong Naturalist 4: 115-124, pls 2-3
Mulder, J.F. & Trebilcock, R.E. 1914. Victorian Hydroida. With description of new species. Part IV. Geelong Naturalist 6: 38-47, pls 4-6
Mulder, J.F. & Trebilcock, R.E. 1915. Victorian Hydroida. With description of new species. Part V. Geelong Naturalist 6: 51-59, pls 7-9
Mulder, J.F. & Trebilcock, R.E. 1916. Notes on Victorian Hydroida. Part VI. Geelong Naturalist 6: 73-84, pls 10-11
Muller, F. 1867. Uber Balanus armatus und einer Bastard dieser Art und Balanus improvisus var. assimilis Darw. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 33(1): 329-356
Müller, O.F. 1776. Zoologiae Danicae Produmus, seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae indiginarum charcteres, nomina, et synomyna imprimus popularium. Havniae xxxii + 282 pp.
Muller, P.L. 1775. Von den Corallen. pp. 641-960 in Ritters C. von Linné (ed.). vollständiges Natursystem nach der zwölften lateinsichen Ausgabe und nach Anleitung des holländischen. Nürnberg : P. L. S. Müller Vol. 6.
Muzik, K. & Bayer, F.M. 1980. Melithaea Milne Edwrads & Haime, 1857 and Isis ochracea Linnaeus, 1758 (Coelenterata, Anthozoa): proposed conservation Z.N.(S.)2150. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 37(4): 228-230
Nardo, G.D. 1845. Distribuzione naturale in ordine, famiglie e generi della classe dei zoofiti (Blainville. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali. Bologna 2 3: 104-109
Naumov, D.V. 1960. Gidroidi i gidromedusy morskikh, solonovatovodnykh i presnovodnykh basseinov SSSR. [In Russian]. [English translation by Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1969, cat. no. 5108, as "Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the Marine, Brackish and Freshwater Basins of the USSR". Opredeleteli po Faune SSSR, Izdavaemye Zoologicheskim Institutom Akademii Nauk SSSR 70: 1-626, pls 1-30
Nemenzo, F. 1955. Systematic studies on Philippine shallow-water scleractinians I Suborder Fungiida. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 15: 3-84
Nemenzo, F. 1959. Systematic studies on Philippine shallow-water Sclcractinians II Suborder Faviida. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 16: 73-135
Nemenzo, F. 1964. Systematic studies on Philippine shallow-water Scleractinians V Sub-order Astrocoeniida (part). Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 18: 193-223
Nemenzo, F. 1967. Systematic studies on Philippine shallow-water Scleractinians: VI Suborder Astrocoeniida (Montipora and Acropora). Part 1 - Text, Part 2 - Plates. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 20(1-2): 1-223
Nemenzo, F. 1971. Systematic studies on Philippine shallow-water scleractinians VII Additional forms. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 23: 142-209
Nemenzo, F. 1976. Some new Philippine scleractinian reef corals. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 28: 229-276
Nemenzo, F. 1980. Fungiid corals from Central Philippines. Kalikasan, Philippine Journal of Biology 9(2-3): 283-302
Nemenzo, F. 1981. Philippine corals: Guide to the Philippine Flora and Fauna. Manila : Natural Resources Management Center Vol. 2 pp. 1-320.
Nemenzo, F. 1983. Philippine stony corals I Five new species. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 35: 271-279
Norman, A.M. 1864. On described British Hydrozoa, Actinozoa, and Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)13: 82-90
Norman, A.M. 1867. On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, Polyzoa, Actinozoa, and Hydrozoa. Report of the Committee appointed for the purpose of exploring the coasts of the Hebrides by means of the dredge. P. II. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 36: 193-206
Norman, A.M. 1875. Submarine-cable fauna. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 4: 169-176, pl. 12
Nutting, C. 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907?1910. In Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 195-242, pls 40-47
Nutting, C.C. 1900. American hydroids. Part I. The Plumularidae. Special Bulletin. United States National Museum 1-285, pls 1-34
Nutting, C.C. 1904. American hydroids. Part II. The Sertularidae. Special Bulletin. United States National Museum 1-325, pls 1-41
Nutting, C.C. 1905. Hydroids of the Hawaiian Islands collected by the steamer Albatross in 1902. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission 23: 931-959, pls 1-13
Nutting, C.C. 1908. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer "Albatross" in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 34: 543-601
Nutting, C.C. 1909. Alcyonaria of the Californian coast. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 35: 681-727
Nutting, C.C. 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition III The Muriceidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b: 1-108
Nutting, C.C. 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition IV The Plexauridae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13bl: 1-20
Nutting, C.C. 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition VI The Gorgonellidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b3: 1-39
Nutting, C.C. 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition VI The Gorgonellidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b3: 1-39
Nutting, C.C. 1910. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition V The Isidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b2: 1-24
Nutting, C.C. 1911. The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition VIII The Scleraxonia. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b5: 1-62
Nutting, C.C. 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer "Albatross", mainly in Japanese waters. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1-104
Nutting, C.C. 1912. Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U.S. Fisheries steamer Albatross, mainly in Japanese waters, during 1906. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 43: 1-104
Ofwegen, L.P. van 2005. A new genus of nephtheid soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae) from the Indo-Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 79(4): 1-236
Ofwegen, L.P. van 2008. The genus Sinularia (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Bremer and West Woody Islands (Gulf of Carpentaria). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 82: 131-165
Oken, L. 1815. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, Zoologie. Leipzig : Reclam, C.H. Vol. 3 pp. 1-842.
Oken, L. 1815. Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritte Theil. Zoologie 1. Schmid, Jena. Schmid, Jena : Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritte Theil. Zoologie 1 pp. i-xxviii, 1-842.
Opresko, D.M. 1998. Three new species of Leiopathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from Southern Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 31(1): 99-111
Opresko, D.M. 1999. New species of Antipathes and Parantipathes (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from coastal waters of South Australia and Tasmania. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 32(2): 143-154
Ortmann, A. 1888. Studien uber Systcmatik und geographische Verbreitung der Steinkorallen. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 4: 143-188
Ortmann, A. 1889. Beobachtungen an Steinkorallen von der Siidkiiste Ceylons. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 4: 493-590
Ortmann, A. 1892. Die korallriffe von Dar-es-Salam und Umgebend. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 6: 631-670
Pallas, P.S. 1766. Elenchus Zoophytorum sistens Generum adumbrationes Generaliores et Specierum cognitarum succinctas Descriptiones, cum selectis Auctorum synomymis. Hagae Comitum. Elenchus Zoophytorum sistens Generum adu : unknown pp. xvi, 17-28, 1-451.
Pallas, P.S. 1766. Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succinctas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Hagae Comitum pp. 1-451.
Pallas, P.S. 1771. Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des Russischen Reichs. I. Theil. St Petersburg. St Petersburg.
Pax, F. 1922. Diagnosen neuer Actiniarien aus der Ausbeute der Deutschen (1901-1903) und der Franz. Zoologischer Anzeiger 54: 74-92
Pax, F. 1926. Die Aktinien der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Südpolar Expedition 1901–1903 18: 3-62
Pennant, T. 1777. A British Zoology. London : Benj. White Vol. 4 pp. 40-42.
Péron, F. & Lesueur, C.A. 1809. Histoire générale et particulière de tous les animaux qui composent la famille des Méduses. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris X1V: 218-228
Péron, F. & Lesueur, C.A. 1810. Tableau des caractères génériques et spécifiques de toutes les espèces de méduses connues jusqu'à ce jour. Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 14: 325-366
Philippi, R.A. 1841. Bebryce mollis Philippi, ein neues Genus der Gorgonian artigen Zoophyten. Jahresbericht über die Tätigkeit des Vereins für Naturkunde in Cassel 5: 9-10
Philippi, R.A. 1894. Callirhabdos, ein neues Genus der gorgonenartigen Pflanzenthiere? Archiv für Naturgeschichte 60(1): 211-213
Phillipi, R.A. 1842. Zoologische Beobachtungen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 8(1): 33-45
Picard, J. 1952. Note sur les hydraires littoraux de Banyuls-sur-Mer. Vie et Milieu 2: 338-349
Pillai, C.S. 1967. Studies on Indian corals I. Report on a new species of Montipora (Scleractinia-Acroporidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India 9(2): 399-402
Pillai, C.S. & Scheer, G. 1973. Bemer-kungen iiber einige Riffkorallen von Samoa und Hawai. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere S 100: 466-476
Pillai, C.S. & Scheer, G. 1974. On a collection of Scleractinia from the Strait of Malacca. Proceedings of the 2nd International Coral Reef Symposium 1: 1-464
Pillai, C.S. & Scheer, G. 1976. Report on the stony corals from the Maldive Archipelago Results of the Xarifa Expedition 1957/58 of the International Institute for Submarine Research, Vaduz, Liechtenstein. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 43(126): 1-83
Pourtalès, L.F. 1874. Crinoids and Corals. Zoölogical results of the Hassler Expedition. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 4(VIII): 29-54
Pourtalès, L.F. de 1867. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 1(6): 103-120
Pourtalès, L.F. de 1868. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 2nd 1(7): 121-142
Pourtalès, L.F. de 1868. Contributions to the Fauna of the Gulf Stream at great depths (2nd series). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 1(7): 121-141
Pourtalès, L.F. de 1878. Report on the Results of the dregdging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the United States Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieutenant-Commander C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., commanding. II. Corals. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 5: 197-212, 1 pl.
Pratt, E.M. 1903. The Alcyonaria of the Maldives Part II. The genera Sarcophytum, Lobophytum, Sclerophytum, and Alcyonium. 503-539, pls 28-31 in Gardiner, J.S. & Stanley, J. (eds). The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Vol. 2(1).
Pratt, E.M. 1905. Report on some Alcyoniidae collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. pp. 247-268 in Herdman, W.A. (ed.). Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar; with supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon by other naturalists. Part III, Supplementary Report No. XIX. London : The Royal Society.
Pütter 1900. Alcyonaceen des Breslauer Museums. Zoologische Jahrbücher (Systematik) 13(5): 443-462
Quatrefages, A. de 1842. Mémoire sur les Edwardsies (Edwardsia, Nob.) nouveau genre de la famille des Actinies. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Paris 18: 65-109
Quelch, J.J. 1884. Preliminary notice of new genera and species of Challenger reef-corals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 13: 292-297
Quelch, J.J. 1885. On some deep-sea and shallow-water Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 16: 1-20, pls 1-2
Quelch, J.J. 1886. Report on the reef-corals collected by H.M.S Challenger during the years 1873-76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 16(3): 1-203
Quoy, J.C.R. & Gaimard, J.P. 1827. Observations zoologiques faites á bord de l'Astrolabe, en mai 1826, dans le détroit de Gibraltar. Annales des Sciences Naturelles 10: 1- 21, 172-193, 225-239, pls 1-9.
Quoy, J.R. & Gaimard, J.P. 1833. Voyage de D'couvertes de l'Astrolabe Ex'cut' par Ordre du Roi, Pendant les Ann'es 1826-1827-1828-1829, Sous le Commandement de M. J. Dumont D'Urville. Paris : J. Tastu Vol. 4 390 pp.
Quoy, J.R. & Gaimard, J.P. 1833. Zoophytes. 175-254, pls 14-20, Zoologie 4 in J. S. C. 'Dumont (ed.). Voyage de decouvertes de 1 Astrolabe', execute par ordre du Roi, pendant les annees 1826-29, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d'Urville. Paris, 1830-1835.
Quoy, J.R. & Gaimard, J.P. 1833. Zoophytes. In: Voyage de Découvertes de l'Astrolabe Exécuté par Ordre du Roi, Pendant les Années 1826-1827-1828-1829, Sous le Commandement de M. J. Dumont D'Urville. Paris : J.Tastu Vol. 4 390 pp.
Ralph, P.M. 1956. Variation in Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Silicularia bilabiata (Coughtrey, 1875) (Hydroida, f. Campanulariidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 84: 279-296
Ralph, P.M. 1957. New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part I. Campanulariidae and Campanulinidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 811-854
Ralph, P.M. 1961. New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part III. Family Sertulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand 88: 4
Ralph, P.M. 1961. New Zealand thecate hydroids. Part IV. The family Plumulariidae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology 1: 19-74
Ralph, P.M. 1966. Hydroida. Port Phillip Survey 1957-1963. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 27: 157-166
Randall, R.H. & Meyers, R.F. 1983. Guide to the Coastal Resources of Guam: Vol 2 the Corals. Guam : University of Guam Press Vol. 2 pp. 1-128.
Rehberg, H. 1892. Neue und wenig bekannte Korallen. Abhandlungen Naturwissenschaftliche Verein zu Hamburg 12: 1-50
Richiardi, S. 1869. Monografia della famiglia dei Pennatularii. Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia (Turin) 2 1: 1-150
Ridley, S. 1882. Contributions to the knowledge of the Alcyonaria II. Including descriptions of new species from Mauritius. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 10: 125-133
Ridley, S. 1883. On the coral-fauna of Ceylon, with descriptions of new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 11: 250-262
Ridley, S. 1884. Alcyonaria. pp. 327-365 in Report on the Zoological Collections made in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of the H.M.S. 'Alert ' 1881-2. London : British Museum.
Ridley, S. 1888. Report on the alcyoniid and gorgoniid Alcyonaria of the Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Indian Museum. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 21: 223-247
Ridley, S.O. 1884. On the classificatory value of growth and budding in the Madreporaria and on a new genus illustrating this point. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13: 284-91
Riemann-Zürneck, K. & Gallardo, V.A. 1990. A new species of sea anemone (Saccactis coliumensis n. sp.) living under hypoxic conditions on the central Chilean shelf. Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen 44: 445-457
Riess, M. 1929. Die Gorgonarien Westindiens Kap. 8. Die Familie Muriceidae. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Supplement 16(2): 377-420
Risso, A. 1826. Histoire Naturelle Des Principales Productions de l'Europe Mérudionale et Particulièrement de Celles des Environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Paris : Levrault Vol. 5 pp. 289-293.
Ritchie, J. 1907. On collections of the Cape Verde Island marine fauna, made by Cyril Crossland, M. A. (Cantab.), B.Sc. (Lond.), F.Z.S., of St. Andrews University, July to September, 1904. The Hydroids. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1907: 488-514, pls 23-26
Ritchie, J. 1909. Supplementary report on the hydroids of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 47: 65-101
Ritchie, J. 1911. Hydrozoa (hydroid zoophytes and Stylasterina) of the "Thetis" expedition. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4: 807-869, pls 84-89
Rosseau, L. 1854. Zoophytes. In, Voyage au pole Sud et dans 1'Oceanie sur les corvettes 1'Astrolabe et la Zelee sous le commandement de Dumont d'Urville Zoologie. Paris Vol. 119.
Rotch, W.D. 1871. On a new genus and species of hydroid zoophyte (Cladocoryne floccosa). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7: 227-228
Roule, L. 1905. Notice preliminaire sur les pennatulides recueillis par le Travailleur et le Talisman, dans l'Ocean Atlantique, au large du Maroc. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 11: 454-458
Roule, L. 1908. Alcyonaires. Exped. Antarct. Franc. (1903–1905). Sciences Naturelles: Documents Scientifiques 15: 1–6, pl. 1.
Roule, L. 1908. Alcyonaires d'Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 16: 161-194
Roxas, H.A. 1932. Two new species of Sarcophyton Less from the Philippines. Natural and Applied Science Bulletin, University of the Philippines 1 2: 73-81
Roxas, H.A. 1933. Philippine Alcyonaria, II The families Alcyoniidae and Nephthyidae. Philipp. Journal of Science 4 50: 345-470
Roxas, H.A. 1933. Philippine Alcyonaria The families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. Philipp. Journal of Science 1 50: 49-110
Russell, F.S. 1940. On the nematocysts of hydromedusae III. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (new series) 24: 515-523.
Russell, F.S. 1953. The Medusae of the British Isles. Anthomedusae, Leptomedusae, Limnomedusae, Trachymedusae and Narcomedusae. London : Cambridge University Press 530 pp., pls 1-35.
Sanchez. J.A. 2005. Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with descriptiones of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific. Zootaxa (1014): 1-72
Sars, G.O. 1872. On some remarkable forms of animal life from the great deeps off the Norwegian coast I. University Program for the first half-year 1869. Christiania. 1-82 pp.
Sars, G.O. 1874. Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Hydroider. Forhandlinger i Videnskapsselskabet i Kristiania 1873: 91-150, pls 2-6
Sars, M. 1835. Beskrivelser og jagttagelser over nogle maerkelige eller nye i havet ved den Bergenske kyst levende dyr af polypernes, acalephernes, radiaternes, annelidernes og molluskernes classer, med en kort oversigt over de hidtil af forfatteren sammesteds fundne arter og deres forekommen. Bergen : T. Hallager i-xii, 1-81 pp., pls 1-15.
Sars, M. 1850. Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 6: 121-221
Saville-Kent, W. 1871. On some new and little known species of Madrepores or stony corals in the British Museum collection. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 275-286
Saville-Kent, W. 1891. Notes on new and little known Australian Madreporaceae. Records of the Australian Museum 1: 123-4 3
Saville-kent, W. 1893. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities. London : W.H.Allen & Co., Limited. [xiii] + 387 pp.
Saville-Kent, W. 1893. The Great Barrier Reef of Australia; its products and potentialities. London : W.H. Allen & Co., Limited 387 pp.
Schenk, A. 1896. Clavulariiden, Xeniiden und Alcyoniiden von Ternate. Vol. 23 pp. 41-80.
Schuchert, P. 1996. The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Athecate hydroids and their medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Memoir. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute 106: 1-159
Schuchert, P. 2004. Revision of the European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Families Oceanidae and Pachycordylidae. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 111(2)
Schweigger, A.F. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte der skelettlosen ungeglierderten Thiere. Leipzig : Dyk'schen Buchhandlung pp. 1-776.
Shephard, S.A. & Thomas, I.M. 1982. Marine Invertebrates of Southern Australia Part 1. South Australia : Government Printer.
Shepherd, S.A. & Watson, J.E. 1970. The sublittoral ecology of West Island, South Australia. 2. The association between hydroids and algal substrate. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 94: 139-146, pl. 1
Shirai, S. 1980. Coral species of the Indian Oeean and adjacent seas: a synonymized compilation and some regional distributional patterns. Atoll Research Bulletin 307: 1-32
Simpson, J.J. 1905. A new cavernularid from Ceylon. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 15: 561-565
Simpson, J.J. 1907. On a new siphonogorgid genus Cactogorgia; with descriptions of three new species. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 45(3): 829-836
Simpson, J.J. 1910. A revision of the Gorgonellidae:1, the Juncellid group. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 28 B(7): 247-386
Spencer, W.B. 1891. A new family of Hydroidea, together with a description of the structure of a new species of Plumularia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria 2: 121-140, pls 17-23
Spengler, L. 1781. Beskrivelse over et ganske besonderliat Corall prodeskt. Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes. Selskabs Skrifter. Kjøbenhavn 1: 240
Squires, D.F. 1959. Pacific Plate biogeography, with special reference to shorefishes. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 367: 1-182
Squires, D.F. 1966. Scleractinia Port Phillip survey 1957-1963. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 27: 167-74
Stearns, R.E.C. 1873. Description of a new genus and species of alcyonoid polyp. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 5: 147-149
Stechow, E. 1913. Neue Genera thecater Hydroiden aus der Familie der Lafoeiden und neue Species von Thecaten aus Japan. Zoologischer Anzeiger 43: 137-144
Stechow, E. 1919. Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben über einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 42: 1-172
Stechow, E. 1920. Neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der Hydroidenforschung. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft für Morphologie und Physiologie, München 31: 9-45
Stechow, E. 1921. Neue Genera und Species von Hydrozoen und anderen Evertebraten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte A 87: 248-265
Stechow, E. 1921. Ueber Hydroiden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition, nebst Bemerkungen über einige andre Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 53: 223-236
Stechow, E. 1923. Zur Kenntis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete. II. Teil. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik 47: 29- 270
Stechow, E. 1924. Diagnosen neuer Hydroiden aus Australien. Zoologischer Anzeiger 59: 57-69
Stechow, E. 1925. Hydroiden von West- und Südwestaustralien nach den Sammlungen von Prof. Dr. Michaelsen und Prof. Dr. Hartmeyer. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik 50: 191-270. 477
Stechow, E. 1932. Neue Hydroiden aus dem Mittelmeer und dem Pazifischen Ozean, nebst Bemerkungen über einige wenig bekannte Formen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 100: 81-92
Stephens, J. 1907. Alcyonarian and Madreporarian Corals of the Irish Coast. Fisheries, Ireland, Scientific Investigations 5: 3-28
Stephenson, T.A. 1922. On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. -- Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 66(262): 247-319
Stephenson, W. & Wells, J.W. 1955. Macroevolution. Pattern and process 20: 115-126
Stiasny, G. 1935. Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition Supplement I, Revision der Plexauridae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13b7: 1-106
Stiasny, G. 1937. Die Gorgonacea der Siboga-Expedition Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae. Vol. 13 pp. 1-138.
Stiasny, G. 1937. Gorgonaria von Cap Blanco, gesammelt durch DrTheodore Monod. Temminckia 2: 297-316
Stiasny, G. 1940. Gorgonides et Alcyonides des collections du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Première partie). Archives du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 6 16(2): 109-145
Stiasny, G. 1943. Die Gorgonarien-Familie Acanthogorgiidae Kükenth. & Gorz. mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Material der Siboga-Expedition. Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Zoologischer Anzeiger 141(5/6): 127-133
Stimpson, W. 1855. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 7(10): 375-384
Stolarski, J. 1996. Gardineria – a scleractinian living fossil. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 41(4): 339-367
Stranks, T.N. 1993. Catalogue of recent Cnidaria type specimens in the Museum of Victoria. Occasional Papers from the Museum of Victoria 6: 1-26
Stuckey, F.G. 1909. A Review of the New Zealand Actiniaria known to Science, together with a Description of Twelve New Species. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 41: 374-398
Studer, T. 1877. The latitudinal gradient in geographic range: how so many species coexist in the tropics. American Naturalist 133: 240-256
Studer, T. 1878. Ubersicht der Anthozoa Alcyonaria, welche wahrend der Reise S.M.S Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. Monatsber. K. preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin 1878: 632-688
Studer, T. 1878. Zweite Abtheilung der Anthozoa polyactinia, welche wahrend der Reise S.M.S. Corvette Gazelle un die Erde gesammelt wurden. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1878: 525-50
Studer, T. 1879. Zweite Abtheilung der Anthozoa polyactinia, welche während der Reise S. M. S. Corvette Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. Monatsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 25: 524-550
Studer, T. 1879. Zweite Abtheilung der Anthozoa polyactinia, welche wahrend der Reise S.M.S Corvette Gazelle un die Erde gesammelt wurden. In, Monatshr. K. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin.
Studer, T. 1880. Ubersicht der Steinkorallen aus der Familie der Madreporaria aporosa, Eupsammina und Turbinaria, welche auf der Reise S.M.S Gazelle um die Erde gesammelt wurden. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877: 625-655
Studer, T. 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 53: 1-74
Studer, T. 1887. Versuch eines Systemes der Alcyonaria. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 53(1): 1-74
Studer, T. 1888. On some new species of the genus Spongodes, Less., from the Philippine Islands and the Japanese Seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 6 1: 69-72
Studer, T. 1889. Supplementary report on the Alcyonaria collected by H.M.SChallenger during the years 1873-76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger 1873–1876, Zoology 81 32: 1-31
Studer, T. 1891. Note preliminaire sur les alcyonaires provenant des campagnes du yacht l'Hirondelle 1886, 1887, 1888. Part 2. Alcyonacea and Pennatulacea. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 2 4: 86-95
Studer, T. 1894. Alcyonarien aus der Sammlung des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lubeck. Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft und des Naturhistorischen Museums in Lübeck Series 2 Heft 7/8: 103-128
Studer, T. 1901. Beitragezur Fauna der Steinkorallcn von Singapore. Mitteilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern 979: 15-53
Stutchbury, S. 1833. Madreporarier von Samoa, den Sandwich-Inseln und Laysan. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 14: 388-428
Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1878. On the extra-tropical corals of Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 2: 292-341
Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1879. On some corals from Darnley Island. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 3: I28-131
Tenison-Woods, J.E. 1880. On Heterop-sammia michelinii of Milne-Edwardsand Haime. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 4: 293-301
Thiel, M.E. 1932. Madreporaria Zugleich ein Versuch einer Vergleichenden Oekologie der gefundenen Formen. Mémoires du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2: 12 1-177
Thompson, D.A.W. 1879. On some new and rare hydroid zoophytes (Sertulariidae and Thuiariidae) from Australia and New Zealand. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5 3: 97-114, pls 16-19
Thomson, J.A. 1905. Appendix to the report on the Alcyonaria colected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. pp. 167-186 in Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 4, suplementary report.
Thomson, J.A. 1927. Alcyonaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques du Prince Albert Ier de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques, Monaco 73: 1-77
Thomson, J.A., In Thomson J.A & Simpson, J.J 1909. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean; with a report on the species of Dendronephthya by W.D. Henderson. 2. The Alcyonarians of the littoral area. Calcutta : The Indian Museum pp. i-xviii + 1-319, pls. 1-9 [8-15].
Thomson, J.A. & Dean, L.M.I. 1931. The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13(d): 1-227
Thomson, J.A. & Henderson, W.D. 1905. Preliminary report on the deep-sea Alcyonaria collected in the Indian Ocean. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7 15: 547-557
Thomson, J.A. & Henderson, W.D. 1905. Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. Part 3, supplementary report 20. 269-328 pp.
Thomson, J.A. & Henderson, W.D. 1905. Report on the Alcyonaria collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon in 1902. Part 3, supplementary report 20. Report to the government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. 269-328 pp.
Thomson, J.A. & Henderson, W.D. 1906. Alcyonaria. 393-443, pls 26-31 in . The marine fauna of Zanzibar British East Africa, from collections made by Cyril Crossland, M.A., B.Sc., F.Z.S., in the years 1901 and 1902. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1906(1)
Thomson, J.A. & Henderson, W.D. 1906. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator in the Indian Ocean. Part 1. The alcyonarians of the deep sea. Calcutta : Trustees of the Indian Museum 132 pp.
Thomson, J.A. & Mackinnon, D. 1910. Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition by Mr. J. Stanley Gardiner. Part 2, the Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Pseudaxonia, and Stelechotokea. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 2 13(2): 161-211
Thomson, J.A. & Mackinnon, D.L. 1911. The alcyonarians of the Thetis Expedition. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 4: 661-695
Thomson, J.A. & Rennet, N. 1931. Alcyonaria, Madreporaria, and Antipatharia. Australasian Antarctic Expedition, 1911-14, Scientific Reports, Series C: Zoology & Botany 9(3): 1-46
Thomson, J.A. & Simpson, J.J. 1909. An account of the alcyonarians collected by the Royal Indian Survey Ship Investigator in the IndianOcean; with a report on the species of Dendronephthya by W.D. Henderson. 2. The Alcyonarians of the littoral area. Calcutta : The Indian Museum i-xviii + 1-319, pls. 1-9.
Thornley, L.R. 1904. Report on the hydroida collected by Professor Herdman, at Ceylon, in 1902. Report of the Government of Ceylon on Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar 4, Supplementary Report 8: 107-126
Thorpe, L. 1928. Alcyonaria of the Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 36(247): 479-530
Tixier-durivault 1957. Les alcyonaires du Museum: I Famille des Alcyoniidae. 4. Genre Lobophytum (suite). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 28(6): 541-546
Tixier-durivault, A 1957. Les alcyonaires du Museum: I Famille des Alcyoniidae. IV. Genre Lobophytum (fin). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 29(1): 106-111
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1944. Les alcyonaires du Museum: 1 Famille des Alcyoniidae. 1. Genre Lobularia (suite). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 3: 183-190
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1945. Les alcyonaires du Museum. I Famille des Alcyoniidae. 2. Genre Sinularia. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 17: (1) 55-63, (2) 145-152, (3) 243-250, (4) 321-325
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1946. Les alcyonaires du Museum: I Famille des Alcyoniidae. 3. Genre Sarcophytum. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 18: (1) 80-86, (2) 165-171, (4)348-354
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1948. Revision de la famille des Alcyoniidae. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris (N.S.) 1 23: 1-255
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1949. Revison de la Famille des Alcyoniidae. 1. Le genre Lobularia Ehrbg (nec Lamarck). Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 23(1): 1-256
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1951. Revision de la Famille des Alcyoniidae: Le genre Sinularia May, 1898. Mémoires de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique 2 40: 1-146
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1957. Les alcyonaires du Museum: I Famille des Alcyoniidae. IV. Genre Lobophytum (suite). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 28(5): 476-482
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1958. Revision de la famille des Alcyoniidae: les genres Sarcophytum et Lobophytum. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 36: 1-180
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1964. Stolonifera et Alcyonacea. Galathea Report 7: 43-58
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1965. Quelques octocoralliaires australiens. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 37: 705-716
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1966. Octocoralliaires. Faune de Madagascar 21: 1-456
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1970. Les octocoralliaires de Nha-Trang (Viet-Nam). Cahiers du Pacifique 14: 115-236
Tixier-Durivault, A. 1970. Les octocoralliaires de Nouvelle-Caledonie - L'Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle-Caledonie. Paris : Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Vol. 4 pp. 171-350. [in French]
Tixier-Durivault, A. & Prevorsek, M. 1957. Validite du genre Spongodes Lesson 1831. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 2 29(2): 172-179
Tixier-Durivault, A. & Prevorsek, M. 1960. Le genre Morchellana (Alcyonaria, Nephtheidae). Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis 19: 1-240
Torrey, H.B. 1902. The Hydroida of the Pacific coast of North America. University of California Publications in Zoology 1: 1-104, pls 1-11
Totton, A.K. 1930. Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. British Antarctic 'Terra Nova' Expedition Natural History Reports, Zoology 5(5): 131-252 pls 1-3
Totton, A.K. 1949. An encrusting ceratellid hydroid Rosalinda williami, gen. et sp. n., from the Bay of Biscay. British Scientific News, London 3(26): 45-47
Trebilcock, R.E. 1928. Notes on New Zealand Hydroida. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria (n.s.) 41: 1-31, pls 1-7
Uchida, T. 1927. Studies on Japanese hydromedusae. I. Anthomedusae. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo (Section 4, Zoology) 1: 145-241, pls 10-11
Uchida, T. 1938. Report of the Biological Survey of Mutsu Bay. 33. Actiniaria of Mutsu Bay. Science Reports of the Tôhoku University 4th Series (Biology) 13: 281-317
Umbgrove, J.H. 1939. Corals from an elevated marl of Talaud (East Indies). Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 20: 263-274
Umbgrove, J.H. 1940. Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 22: 1-64
Umbgrove, J.H. 1946. Corals from the Upper Miocene of Tjisande, Java. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie Wetenschappen 48: 340-344
Umbgrove, J.H. 1950. Corals from a Lower Pliocene patch reef in Central Java. Journal of Paleontology 20: 521-542
Utinomi, H. 1951. Asterospicularia laurae, n. gen. et n. sp., the type of a new family of alcyonarians with stellate spicules. Pacific Science 5(2): 190-196
Utinomi, H. 1952. Dendronephthya of Japan, I. Dendronephthya collected chiefly along the coast of Kii Peninsula. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 2(2): 161-212, figs 1-29, pls 9-11
Utinomi, H. 1955. Two new species of Xenia from Kusimoto (Coelenterata, Alcyonaria). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 4(2/3): 263-267, figs 1-2
Utinomi, H. 1960. Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, middle Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 8(1): 1-26, pls 1-2
Utinomi, H. 1966. A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) IIIA new genus Coronephthya for a unique octocoral previously assigned to the genera Dendronephthya or Stereonephthya. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 14(3): 207-218, figs 1-3, pl. 11
Utinomi, H. 1971. Corals from the Putjangan Beds (Lower Pleistocene) of Java. Journal of Paleontology 24: 637-651
Utinomi, H. 1971. Intertidal alcyonarians in the vicinity of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 28(5): 87-110
Utinomi, H. 1971. Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne 32: 7-18
Utinomi, H. 1975. Octocorallia collected by trawling in the western Australia. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 22(5): 237-266
Utinomi, H. 1975. Scleractinian corals from Kamae Bay, Oita Prefecture, northeast of Kyushu, Japan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 19: 203-229
Utinomi, H. & Harada, E. 1973. Rediscovery of an enigmatic octocoral, Pseudogorgia godeffroyi Kolliker, from southern Australia and a discussion of its systematic position. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 20: 111-132
Valenciennes, A. 1855. Extrait d'une monographie de la famille des Gorgonidés de la classe des polypes. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences. Paris 41: 7-15
Vanhoeffen, E. 1910. Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. Deutsche Südpolar Expedition Zoology 269-340
Vannucci, M. 1950. Resultados cientificas do Cruzeiro do "Baependi" e do "Vega" à Ihla da Trindade. Boletim do Instituto Paulista de Oceanografia 1: 81-96, pl. 1
Vannucci-Mendes, M. 1949. Hydrozoa do Brasil. Boletim da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade de São Paulo, Zoologia 14: 219-266, pls 1-3
Vaughan, T.W. 1906. Report on the scientific results of the expedition to the eastern tropical Pacific VI Madreporaria. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 50: 59-72
Vaughan, T.W. 1907. Recent Madreporaria of the Hawaiian Islands and Laysan. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 59: 1-427
Vaughan, T.W. 1917. Some corals from Kermadec Islands. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 49: 275-9
Vaughan, T.W. 1918. A critical review of the literature on the simple genera of the Madreporaria Fungida, with a tentative classification. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 28: 371-424
Vaughan, T.W. & Wells, J.W. 1943. Corals and the formation of coral reefs. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institute 1917: 189-238
Vaughan, T.W. & Wells, J.W. 1943. Revision of the sub-orders, families and genera of the Scleractinia. Geological Society of America Special Papers 44: 1-363
Veron, J.E. 1974. Southern geographic limits to the distribution of Great Barrier Reef hermatypic corals. Proceedings of the 2nd International Coral Reef Symposium 2: 465-473
Veron, J.E. & Hudson, R.C.L. 1977. The northern barrier reefs of Eastern Australia Part I. The Ribbon Reefs. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
Veron, J.E. & Pichon, M. 1976. Scleractinia of Eastern Australia Part I Families Thamnasteriidae, Astrocoeniidae, Pocilloporidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series 1. 1-86
Veron, J.E.N. 1982. Hermatypic Scleractinia of Hong Kong - an annotated list of species. pp. 111-125 in Moreton,B. R. & Tseng, C.K. (eds). Proceedings of the first international workshop on the marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China. Hong Kong : Hong Kong University Press.
Veron, J.E.N. 1982. Revision of the suborders, families and genera of the Scleractinia. Geological Society of America Special Papers 44: 1-363
Veron, J.E.N. 1986. Aspects of the biogeography of hermatypic corals. Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress 4: 83-88
Veron, J.E.N. 1990. New Scleractinia from Japan and other Indo-Pacific countries. Galaxea 9: 95-173
Veron, J.E.N. & Kelley, R. 1988. Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific. Hawaii : Hawaii University Press pp. 1-642.
Veron, J.E.N. & Marsh, L.M. 1988. Hermatypic corals of Western Australia. Records and annotated species list. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 29: 136
Veron, J.E.N. & Marsh, L.M. 1988. Species stability in reef corals of Papua New Guinea and the Indo Pacific. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 6: 1-69
Veron, J.E.N. & Pichon, M. 1979. Hermatypic corals of Western Australia: records and annotated species list. Records of the Western Australian Museum, Supplement 29: 1-136
Veron, J.E.N. & Wallace, C. 1984. Scleractinia of eastern Australia V. Family Acroporidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series 6. 1-483
Veron; J.E., How, A., Done, T.J., Zell, L.D., Dodkin, M.J. & O'Farrell, A.F. 1974. Corals of the Solitary Islands, Central New South Wales. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 25: 193-208
Veron J.E.N. & Pichon, M. 1980. Scleractinia of Eastern Australia. Part III. Families Agaraciidae, Siderastreidae, Fungiidae, Oculinidae, Merulinidae, Mussidae, Pectiniidae, Caryophylliidae, Dendrophylliidae. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Monograph Series 4: 1-422
Verrill, A.E. 1864. List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 1: 29-60
Verrill, A.E. 1864. List of the polyps and corals sent by the Museum of Comparative Zoology to other institutions in exchange, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 3: 29-60
Verrill, A.E. 1865. Corals and polyps of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition. Proceedings of the Essex Institute Salem 4: 32
Verrill, A.E. 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, with descriptions of some additional species from the West Coast of North America II Madreporaria. Proceedings of the Essex Institute Salem 5: 17-32
Verrill, A.E. 1865. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C Ringgold and Captain John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by D. Proceedings of the Essex Institute Salem 4: 181-196
Verrill, A.E. 1868. Critical remarks on the halcyonoid polyps in the Museum of Yale College with descriptions of new genera. American Journal of Science and Arts 2 45: 411-415
Verrill, A.E. 1869. Critical remarks on halcyonoid polyps 3. American Journal of Science and Arts 2 47(140): 282-285
Verrill, A.E. 1869. Polyps and corals of the North Exploring Expedition Additions and corrections. Communications of the Essex Institute Salem 6: 51-70
Verrill, A.E. 1869. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U.S.N., from 1853-1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson. Communications of the Essex Institute Salem 6: 75-104
Verrill, A.E. 1871. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition. IV Actinaria. Communications of the Essex Institute Salem 6: 51-104
Verrill, A.E. 1872. Names of the species of corals in Dana, : Corals and coral islands. New Haven. Vol. 1 pp. 379-388.
Verrill, A.E. 1878. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America, No. 2. American Journal of Science and Arts 3 16: 371-378
Verrill, A.E. 1879. Brief contributions to zoology from the Museum of Yale College. No.42. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America. No.5. Polyzoa. American Journal of Science 3 17: 472-474
Verrill, A.E. 1879. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the eastern coast of North America, No 3. Brief contributions to zoology from the Museum of Yale College. XL. American Journal of Science and Arts 3 17: 239-243
Verrill, A.E. 1883. Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the Blake in 1877-1879, and by the U.S. Fish Commission steamer Fish Hawk in 1880-82. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 11: 1-72
Verrill, A.E. 1883. Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the Blake in 1877-1879, and by the U.SFish Commission steamer Fish Hawk in 1880-82. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard 11: 1-72
Verrill, A.E. 1884. Notice of recent additions to the marine fauna of the East Coast of America. American Journal of Science 28: 218-220
Verrill, A.E. 1885. Results of the explorations made by the steamer Albatross off the northern coast of the United States in 1883. Annual Report of the United States Commission on Fisheries 1883: 503-699
Verrill, A.E. 1901. Variations and nomenclature of Bermudian, West Indian and Brazilian Reef Corals, with notes on various Indo-Pacific corals. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences XI: 63-168
Verrill, A.E. 1902. Notes on corals of the genus Acropora (Madrepora Lam.) with new descriptions and figures of types, and of several new species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 11: 207-266
Verrill, A.E. 1922. Alcyonaria and Actinaria Rept. Canadian Arctic Expedition 8: 1-164
Verrill, A.E. 1928. Hawaiian shallow water Anthozoa. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 49: 1-30
Verrill, A.E. & Smith, S.I. 1873. Report upon the invertebrate animals of Vineyard Sound and adjacent waters, with an account of the physical characaters of the region. Report of the U.S. Commission of Fisheries 1871-1872. 295-778 pp.
Verrill. A.E. 1868. Notes on the radiata in the Museum of Yale College. 6. Review of the corals and polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1. 377-442
Verrill A.E. 1882. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern coast of New England, No. 7. and some additions of the fauna of Vinyard Sound. American Journal of Science and Arts 3 24: 360-364
Verseveldt, J. 1969. Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part I. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 106: 1-38
Verseveldt, J. 1970. A new species of Sinularia (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from Madagascar. Israel Journal of Zoology 3 19: 165-168
Verseveldt, J. 1970. Report on some Octocorallia (Alcyonacea) from the northern Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology 4 19: 209-229
Verseveldt, J. 1971. Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part II). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 117: 1-73
Verseveldt, J. 1972. Report on a few octocorals from Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 47: 457-464
Verseveldt, J. 1974. Octocorallia from New Caledonia. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 12 4: 95-122
Verseveldt, J. 1977. Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata). Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28: 171-240
Verseveldt, J. 1980. A revision of the genus Sinularia May (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 179: 1-128
Verseveldt, J. 1982. A revision of the genus Sarcophyton Lesson (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 192: 1-91
Verseveldt, J. 1982. New species of Alcyonacea (Octocorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef, South-East Asia, and the Red Sea. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 56(12): 143-151, figs 1-4, pls 1-2
Verseveldt, J. 1983. A revision of the genus Lobophytum Von Marenzeller (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 200: 1-103
Verseveldt, J. 1983. The octocorallian genera Spongodes Lesson, Neospongodes Kukenthal and Stereonephthya Kukenthal. Beaufortia 33(1): 1-13
Verseveldt, J. & Alderslade, P. 1982. Description of types and other Alcyonacean material (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 34(15): 619-647, figs 1-9, pls 1-9
Verseveldt, J. & Alderslade, P. 1982. Descriptions of types and other alcyonacean material (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Records of the Australian Museum 15 34: 619-647
Verseveldt, J. & Bayer, F.M. 1988. A revision of the genera Bellonella, Eleutherobia, Nidalia and Nidaliopsis (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae and Nidaliidae), with descriptions of two new genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 245: 1-131
Versluys, J. 1902. Die Gorgoniden der Siboga Expedition 1. Die Chrysogorgiidenn. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13: 1-120
Versluys, J. 1906. Die Gorgoniden der Siboga Expedition II Die Primnoidae. Siboga Expéditie Monographie 13a: 1-187
Versluys, J.J. 1899. Hydraires calyptoblastes recueiIlis dans la mer des Antilles, pendant l'une des croisières accomplies par le comte R. de Dalmas sur son yacht "Chazalie". Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France 12: 29-58
Vervoort, W. 1993. Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the Western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I: Sertulariidae (Part 1). In R‚sultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 11. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris 89-298
Vervoort, W. & Watson, J.E. 1996. A rare hydroid, Clathrozoella drygalskii (Vanhoffen, 1910) in the waters of Australia and New Zealand. Scientia Marina 60(1): 117-120
Vervoort, W. & Watson, J.E. 2003. Marine Fauna of New Zealand. Leptothecata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) (Thecate Hydroids). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 119: 1-538
Von Lendenfeld, R. 1883. Ueber Coelenteraten der Südsee, IV. Eucopella Campanularia nov. gen. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie 38: 497-583, pls 27-32
Von Lendenfeld, R. 1884. Das System der Hydromedusen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 7: 425-429, 444-448
Von Lendenfeld, R. 1885. Addenda to the Australian Hydromedusae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 908-924, 984-985, pls 40-43
Von Lendenfeld, R. 1885. The Australian Hydromedusae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 9: 206-634, pls 6-8, 12-17
Wallace, C.C. 1994. New species and a new species group of the coral genus Acropora from Indo-Pacific locations. Invertebrate Taxonomy 8: 961-988
Warren, E. 1908. On a collection of hydroids, mostly from the Natal coast. Annals of the Natal Museum 1: 269-355, pls 45-48
Watson, J. 1969. Scoresbia, a new hydroid genus from South Australian waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 93
Watson, J. 1998. Troglodytes of a muddy bottom: the hydroid fauna of holes in the seabed. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 323(31)
Watson, J. 2002. Corystolona, a new hydroid genus (Leptolida: Leptothecatae) from southern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59(2): 333-336
Watson, J.E. 1973. Hydroids. Pearson Island Expedition, 1969-9. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 97: 153-200
Watson, J.E. 1978. New species and new records of Australian athecate hydroids. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 90(2): 301-314
Watson, J.E. 1980. The identity of two tubularian hydroids from Australia with a description and observation of reproduction of Ralpharia magnifica gen. et sp. nov. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 41: 53-63
Watson, J.E. 1984. Two new species of tubularian hydroids from southern Australia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 45: 7-12
Watson, J.E. 1985. The genus Eudendrium (Hydrozoa. Hydroida) from Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 97(4): 179-221
Watson, J.E. 1992. The hydroid community of Amphibolis seagrasses in south-eastern and south-western Australia. 217–227 in Bouillon, J., Boero, F., Cicogna, F., Gili, J.M. & Hughes, R.G. (eds). Aspects of Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina 56
Watson, J.E. 1993. Two new species of Haleciidae (Hydrozoa: Hydroida) from southern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 105: 81-84
Watson, J.E. 1996. Distribution and biogeographic relationship of the hydroid fauna of the Australian West coast: a preliminary account. 75-83 in Piraino, S., Boero, F., Bouillon, J., Cornelius, P.F.S. & Gili, J. M. (eds). Advances in Hydrozoan Biology. Scientia Marina 60(1): 1–243
Watson, J.E. 1997. The hydroid fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. pp. 503-546 in Wells, F.E. (ed). The Marine Flora and Fauna of the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Musem.
Watson, J.E. 1999. Review of hydroids introduced to Victorian waters. pp. 88-107 in Hewitt, C.L., Campbell, M.L., Thresher, R.E. & Martin, R.B. (eds) Marine Biological Invasions of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. CRIMP Technical Report Number 20.
Watson, J.E. 2002. Hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Queensland. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 59: 337-354
Watson, J.E. 2003. Encounter 2002 expedition to the Isles of St Francis, South Australia: annotated list of shallow water hydroids with description of a new species of Campanularia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 127: 243-263
Watson, J.E. 2005. Hydroids of the Archipelago of the Recherche and Esperance, Western Australia: Annotated list, redescription of species and description of new species. pp. 495-612 in Wells, F.E., Walker, D.I., Kendrick, G.A. (ed). The Marine Flora and Fauna of Esperance, Western Australia. Perth : Western Australian Museum.
Watson, J.E. & Vervoort, W. 2000. Redescription of Tripoma arboreum Hirohito, 1995 (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from the Tasman Sea with notes on quasi-parasitism of the species. Scientia Marina 249-254
Watson, J.E. & Vervoort, W. 2001. The hydroid fauna of Tasmanian Seamounts. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 334: 151-187
Watzl, O. 1922. Die Actiniarien der Bahamainseln. Arkiv för Zoologi 14: 1-89
Wells, J.W. 1950. New genera of Mesozoic and Cenozoic corals. Journal of Paleontology 11: 73-77
Wells, J.W. 1954. Recent corals of the Marshall Islands. Bikini and nearby atolls, Part 2, Oceanography. Professional Paper. U.S. Geological Survey 260: 385-486
Wells, J.W. 1955. Recent and subfossil corals of Moreton Bay, Queensland. University of Queensland Papers. Department of Geology 4(10): 1-18
Wells, J.W. 1956. Scleractinia. pp. 328-440 in Moore, R. C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Coelenterata. Kansas : University of Kansas Press.
Wells, J.W. 1958. Notes on Indo Pacific scleractinian corals Part I: Oryzotrochus a new genus of Turbinolian coral. Part II: A new species of Turbinaria from the Great Barrier Reef. Pacific Science 13: 286-290
Wells, J.W. 1959. Notes on Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals Parts I and II Part I. Oryzotrochus, a new genus of Torbinolian coral. Pacific Science 13: 286-290
Wells, J.W. 1962. Two new scleractinian corals from Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 25(2)
Wells, J.W. 1964. Ahermatypic corals from Queensland. Queensland : University of Queensland Press Vol. 6 pp. 107-121.
Wells, J.W. 1968. Notes on Indo-Pacific scleractinian corals V A new species of Alveopora from New Caledonia. VI Further notes on Bantamia merleti Wells. Pacific Science 22(2): 274-276
Wells, J.W. 1984. Annotated list of the scleractinian corals of the Galapagos. pp. 211-295 in Glynn, P.W. & Wellington, G.M. (eds). Corals and coral reefs of the Galapagos Islands. Berkeley : University of California Press.
Wells, J.W. 1985. Notes on Indo-Pacific Scleractinian Corals Part II A new species of Acropora from Australia. Pacific Science 39(4): 338-339
Wells, J.W. & Alderslade, P.N. 1979. The Scleractinian coral Archohelia living on the coastal shores of Queensland, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 32(5): 211-216
Wells, W. 1964. Fossil corals from Eniwetok Atoll. Professional Paper. U.S. Geological Survey 260: 1101-1111
Whitelegge, T. 1889. Hydrozoa. 41 in Etheridge, R. Jr (ed). The general zoology of Lord Howe Island; containing also an account of the collections made by the Australian Museum collecting party, Aug.-Sept. 1887. Sydney : Memoirs of the Australian Museum.
Whitelegge, T. 1897. The Alcyonaria of Funafuti Part I. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3 3: 211-225
Whitelegge, T. 1897. The Alcyonaria of Funafuti Part II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 5 3: 307-320
Whitelegge, T. 1897. The Alcyonaria of Funafuti Part II. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3(5): 307-320
Wijsman-Best, M. 1972. Systematic and ecology of New Caledonian Faviinae (Coelenterata, Scleractinia). Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 42(1): 1-76
Wijsman-Best, M. 1974. Faviidae collected by the Snellius Exped I The Genus Favia. Snellius Exped. 1925,. Zoologische Mededelingen Rijksmus. Museum Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden 48(22): 249-261
Wijsman-Best, M. 1976. Faviidae collected by the Snellius Exped II The genera Favites, Goniastrea, Platygyra, Oulophyllia, Leptoria, Hydnophora and Caulastrea. Snellius Exped. 27,. Zoologische Mededelingen Rijksmus. Museum Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden 50(4): 45-63
Wijsman-Best, M., Faure, G. & Pichon, M. 1980. The Madreporaria of Funafuti. Memoirs of the Australian Museum 3: 345-368
Williams, G.C. 1992. Revision of the soft coral genus Minabea (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) with new taxa from the Indo-west Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 1 48: 1-26
Williams, G.C. 1995. Living genera of sea pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia: Pennatulacea): illustrated key and synopses. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 113: 93-140
Williams, G.C. 1995. Revision of the Pennatulacean genus Sarcoptilus (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with descriptions of three new species from southern Australia. Records of the South Australian Museum (Adelaide) 28(1): 13-32
Williams, G.C. 2003. Capitate taxa of the soft coral genus Eleutherobia (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae) from Palau and South Africa; a new species and a new combination. Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) 345: 419-436
Williams, G.C. & Alderslade, P. 1999. Revisionary systematics of the Western Pacific Soft Coral Genus Minabea (Octocorallia: Alcyoniidae), with descriptions of a related new genus and species from the Indo-Pacific. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 51(7): 337-364
Williams, G.C. & Alderslade, P. 2011. Three new species of pennatulacean octocorals with the ability to attach to rocky substrata (Cnidaria: ANthozoa: Pennatulacea). Zootaxa 3001: 33-48
Wilsmore, L.J. 1911. On some Hexactiniae from New South Wales. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 32: 39-57
Wood, E.M. 1983. Was marine faunal diversity in the Pleistocene affected by changes in sea level? Paleobiology 7: 394-399
Wright, E.P. 1895. The scientific results of the Challenger Expedition. Alcyonaria. Natural Science 7: 39-40
Wright, E.P. & Studer, Th. 1889. Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876.

Australian Biological Resources Study

Australian Faunal Directory

Phylum CNIDARIA

Bibliography for CNIDARIA