Abbreviations and Contractions
Literature
Author abbreviations follow R.K.Brummitt & C.E.Powell, Authors of Plant Names (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1992).
Journal titles are abbreviated in accordance with G.H.M.Lawrence et al., Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum (Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, 1968) and G.D.R.Bridson & E.R.Smith, Botanico-Periodicum-Huntianum/Supplementum (Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Pittsburgh, 1991).
Other literature is abbreviated in accordance with F.A.Stafleu & R.S.Cowan, Taxonomic Literature, 2nd edn (Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1976–1987), except that upper case initial letters are used for proper names and significant words. The Flora of Australia is abbreviated to Fl. Australia.
Herbaria
| Abbreviations of herbaria are in accordance with P.K.Holmgren, N.H.Holmgren & L.C.Barnett, Index Herbariorum Part I, 8th edn (New York Botanical Garden, 1990). Those most commonly cited in the Flora of Australia are: |
| AD |
State Herbarium of South Australia, Adelaide |
| ADW |
Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Adelaide (now part of AD) |
| BM |
The Natural History Museum, London |
| BRI |
Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane |
| CANB |
Australian National Herbarium, Canberra |
| CBG |
National Botanic Gardens, Canberra (now part of CANB) |
| DNA |
Northern Territory Herbarium, Darwin |
| HO |
Tasmanian Herbarium, Hobart |
| JCT |
James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville |
| K |
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |
| MEL |
National Herbarium of Victoria, Melbourne |
| NSW |
National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney |
| NT |
Northern Territory Herbarium, Alice Springs (now part of DNA) |
| PERTH |
Western Australian Herbarium, Perth |
| QRS |
Australian National Herbarium, Atherton |
| US |
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. |
States, Territories
| Abbreviations of Australian States and Territories and nearby countries as used in statements of distribution and citation of collections are: |
| A.C.T. |
Australian Capital Territory |
| N. Caled. |
New Caledonia |
| N.S.W. |
New South Wales |
| N.T. |
Northern Territory |
| N.Z. |
New Zealand |
| P.N.G. |
Papua New Guinea |
| Qld |
Queensland |
| S.A. |
South Australia |
| Tas. |
Tasmania |
| Vic. |
Victoria |
| W.A. |
Western Australia |
General abbreviations
| add. |
addendum |
| alt. |
altitude |
| app. |
appendix |
| auct. |
auctoris/auctorum (of an author or authors) |
| auct. mult. |
auctorum multorum (of many authors) |
| auct. non |
auctorum non (of authors [but] not.…), used for misapplied names |
| c. |
circa (about) |
| Ck |
Creek |
| cm |
centimetre |
| coll. |
collector |
| colln |
collection |
| comb. |
combinatio/combination |
| cons. |
conservandus |
| cult. |
cultivated |
| cv. |
cultivar |
| d.b.h. |
diameter at breast height |
| Dept |
Department |
| descr. |
descriptio |
| diam. |
diameter |
| E |
east |
| ed./eds |
editor/editors |
| edn |
edition |
| eds |
editors |
| e.g. |
exempli gratia (for example) |
| et al. |
et alii/et aliorum; and others/and of others |
| f. |
forma/form |
| fam. |
familia/family |
| fig./figs |
figure/figures (in other works) |
| Fig. |
Figure (referring to a Figure in this volume of the Flora) |
| gen. |
genus/genus |
| gen. nov. |
genus novus (new genus) |
| Gt |
Great |
| holo |
holotype |
| hort. |
hortus (garden) or hortensis (of a garden) |
| HS |
Homestead |
| Hwy |
Highway |
| i.e. |
id est (that is) |
| ined. |
ineditus (unpublished) |
| in litt. |
in litteris (in correspondence) |
| in obs. |
in observatio (in observation) |
| Is. |
Island/s |
| iso |
isotype |
| isolecto |
isolectotype |
| km |
kilometre |
| L. |
Lake |
| L.A. |
Logging Area |
| lat. |
latitude |
| lecto |
lectotype |
| loc. cit. |
loco citato (in bibliographic citations: in the same work and page as just cited) |
| loc. id. |
loco idem (in specimen citations: in the same place as just cited) |
| long. |
longitude |
| L.S. |
longitudinal section |
| l:w |
length to width ratio |
| m |
metre |
| mm |
millimetre |
| Mt/Mts |
Mount/Mounts |
| Mtn/Mtns |
Mountain/Mountains |
| N |
north |
| n |
haploid chromosome number |
| 2n |
diploid chromosome number |
| Natl |
National |
| n.d. |
no date |
| NE |
north-east (ern) |
| nom. cons. |
nomen conservandum (conserved name) |
| nom. cons. prop. |
nomen conservandum propositus (proposed conserved name) |
| nom. illeg. |
nomen illegitimum (illegitimate name) |
| nom. inval. |
nomen invalidum (name not validly published) |
| nom. nov. |
nomina nova (new name) |
| nom. nud. |
nomen nudum (name published without a description or reference to a published description) |
| nom. prov. |
nomen provisorium (provisional name) |
| nom. rej. |
nomen rejiciendum (rejected name) |
| nom. superfl. |
nomen superfluum (superfluous name) |
| nov. |
novus/new |
| n. ser. |
new series |
| n.v. |
non vidi (not seen) |
| NW |
north-west (ern) |
| op. cit. |
opere citato (in the work cited above) |
| opp. |
opposite |
| orth. |
orthography, orthographic |
| p./pp. |
page/pages |
| penin. |
peninsula |
| pers. comm. |
by personal communication |
| pl./pls |
plate/plates |
| p.p. |
pro parte (in part) |
| p.p. max |
pro parte maxima, the larger part |
| p.p. min |
pro parte minore, the smaller part |
| q.v. |
quod vide (which see) |
| R. |
River |
| Ra. |
Range |
| Rd |
Road |
| rly |
railway |
| S |
south |
| SE |
south-east (ern) |
| sect. |
sectio/section |
| SEM |
Scanning Electron Micrograph |
| ser. |
series |
| S.F.R. |
State Forest Reserve |
| s. lat. |
sensu lato (in a wide sense) |
| s. loc. |
sine loco (without locality) |
| s.n. |
sine numero (without number) |
| sp./spp. |
species (singular/plural) |
| sp. aff. |
species affinis (species related to) |
| sp. nov. |
species nova (new species) |
| specim. |
specimen |
| sphalm. |
sphalmate (by mistake, mistakenly) |
| s. str. |
sensu stricto (in a narrow sense) |
| St |
Saint/Street |
| stat. |
status/status |
| Stn |
(pastoral) Station |
| subg. |
subgenus |
| subsp./subspp. |
subspecies (singular/plural) |
| subsp. nov. |
subspecies nova (new subspecies) |
| suppl. |
supplement |
| SW |
south-west (ern) |
| syn |
syntype |
| synon. |
synonym |
| T |
Type (collection) |
| t./tt. |
tabula/tabulae (plate/plates) |
| T.R. |
Timber Reserve |
| trib. |
tribus/tribe |
| trig. |
trigonometric station |
| T.S. |
transverse section |
| typ. cons. |
typus conservandus (conserved type) |
| var. |
varietas/variety |
| viz. |
videlicet (namely) |
| UV |
ultraviolet |
| W |
west |
| x |
basic chromosome number |
Symbols
| † |
taxon included in key but not treated further in text |
| * |
naturalised taxon, not originally native (in the text); wildcard (in the web search) |
| # |
native taxon now naturalised in Australia beyond its natural range |
| [ ] |
misapplied name or nomen invalidum; also, in localities,
denotes a place name later than that originally cited or on the herbarium sheet |
| ± |
in species descriptions, more or less |
| ± |
in lichen chemistry, with or without |
| < |
less than |
| ≤ |
less than or equal to |
| > |
more than |
| ≥ |
more than or equal to |
| µm |
micrometre |
| (♀) |
female |
| (♂) |
male |
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