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Refugia for Biological Diversity in Arid and Semi-arid Australia

Biodiversity Series, Paper No. 4
Biodiversity Unit

S.R. Morton, J. Short and R.D. Barker
with an Appendix by G.F. Griffin and G. Pearce

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Contents

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Introduction

1. Terms of Reference

2. Executive Summary

3. Methods

• 3.1. Definitions - What is a Refuge?
  
• 3.2. Definitions - What are the Arid and Semi-arid Zones?
  
• 3.3. A Literature Survey to identify Foci of Biological Diversity and Refugia

4. Foci of Biological Diversity in Western Australia

• 4.1. Central Kimberley
  
• 4.2. Ord-Victoria Plain
  
• 4.3. Dampierland
  
• 4.4. Pilbara
  
• 4.5. Great Sandy Desert
  
• 4.6. Little Sandy Desert
  
• 4.7. Gibson Desert
  
• 4.8. Carnarvon
  
• 4.9. Gascoyne
  
• 4.10. Murchison
  
• 4.11. Geraldton Sandplains
  
• 4.12. Yalgoo
  
• 4.13. Coolgardie
  
• 4.14. Mallee
  
• 4.15. Nullarbor
  
• 4.16. Hampton

5. Foci of Biological Diversity in South Australia

• 5.1. Great Victoria Desert
  
• 5.2. Stony Plains
  
• 5.3. Simpson-Strzelecki Dunefields
  
• 5.4. Gawler
  
• 5.5. Flinders and Olary Ranges

6. Foci of Biological Diversity in the Northern Territory

• 6.1. Sturt Plateau
  
• 6.2. Gulf Coastal
  
• 6.3. Gulf Fall Uplands
  
• 6.4. Mitchell Grass Downs
  
• 6.5. Tanami
  
• 6.6. Burt Plain
  
• 6.7. MacDonnell Ranges
  
• 6.8. Central Ranges
  
• 6.9. Finke

7. Foci of Biological Diversity in Queensland

• 7.1. Gulf Plains
  
• 7.2. Desert Uplands
  
• 7.3. Mount Isa Inlier
  
• 7.4. Mulga Lands
  
• 7.5. Channel Country

8. Foci of Biological Diversity in New South Wales

• 8.1. Darling Riverine Plains
  
• 8.2. Cobar Peneplain
  
• 8.3. Broken Hill Complex
  
• 8.4. Riverina
  
• 8.5. Murray-Darling Depression

9. The Use of Information on Foci of Biological Diversity to identify Refugia

10. Refugia in Western Australia

• 10.1. Dampier Archipelago
  
• 10.2. Monte Bello Islands
  
• 10.3. North-west islands
  
• 10.4. Barrow Island group
  
• 10.5. Islands of Exmouth Gulf
  
• 10.6. Islands of Shark Bay
  
• 10.7. Dirk Hartog Island
  
• 10.8. Bernier and Dorre Islands
  
• 10.9. Cape Range caves and gorges
  
• 10.10. Nullarbor caves
  
• 10.11. Caves of the Oscar and Napier Ranges
  
• 10.12. Lake Gregory
  
• 10.13. Lake Argyle
  
• 10.14. Dragon Tree Soak
  
• 10.15. Rudall River
  
• 10.16. Lake McLeod
  
• 10.17. Lower Murchison River
  
• 10.18. Camballin Floodplain
  
• 10.19. Roebuck Plains
  
• 10.20. Aneen Lake
  
• 10.21. De Grey River
  
• 10.22. Wooleen Lake
  
• 10.23. Mandora salt marsh
  
• 10.24. Lake Barlee
  
• 10.25. Windjana Gorge
  
• 10.26. Geikie Gorge
  
• 10.27. Tunnel Creek
  
• 10.28. Bungle Bungles
  
• 10.29. Hamersley and Chichester Gorges and Ranges
  
• 10.30. Edgar Ranges
  
• 10.31. Edel Land, Heirisson Prong and Peron Peninsula
  
• 10.32. Zuytdorp

11. Refugia in South Australia

• 11.1. Dalhousie Springs
  
• 11.2. Lake Eyre mound springs
  
• 11.3. Serpentine Lakes
  
• 11.4. Lake Phillipson
  
• 11.5. Lake Frome
  
• 11.6. Lake Gairdner
  
• 11.7. Lake Torrens
  
• 11.8. Lake Eyre
  
• 11.9. Strzelecki Creek floodplain and Lake Blanche
  
• 11.10. Coongie Lakes
  
• 11.11. Goyder's Lagoon
  
• 11.12. Northern Flinders Ranges
  
• 11.13. Gawler Ranges

12. Refugia in the Northern Territory

• 12.1. Pellew Island
  
• 12.2. Lake Woods
  
• 12.3. Lake Sylvester
  
• 12.4. Lake Surprise
  
• 12.5. Lake Amadeus and the Karinga Creek system
  
• 12.6. Carpentarian sandstone
  
• 12.7. Davenport and Murchison Ranges
  
• 12.8. Dulcie Ranges
  
• 12.9. Western MacDonnell Ranges
  
• 12.10. George Gill Ranges
  
• 12.11. Eastern MacDonnell Ranges
  
• 12.12. Uluru and Kata Tjuta
  
• 12.13. Tanami drainage system
  
• 12.14. Hay River

13. Refugia in Queensland

• 13.1. Elizabeth and Edgbaston Springs
  
• 13.2. Gregory and Nicholson River wetlands
  
• 13.3. Lake Buchanan and Lake Galilee
  
• 13.4. Lakes Numalla, Wyara and Bindegolly
  
• 13.5. Lawn Hill Gorge
  
• 13.6. Selwyn Range
  
• 13.7. Northern Grey Range
  
• 13.8. Queensland channel country

14. Refugia in New South Wales

• 14.1. Peery Springs
  
• 14.2. Paroo wetlands
  
• 14.3. Bulloo Overflow
  
• 14.4. Darling and Talyawalka Anabranch lakes
  
• 14.5. Macquarie Marshes
  
• 14.6. Narran Lakes
  
• 14.7. Booligal wetlands
  
• 14.8. Great Cumbung Swamp
  
• 14.9. Mallee remnants

15. Summary of Refugia in Arid and Semi-arid Australia

• 15.1. An overview of the refugia in each category
  
• 15.2. An overview of the relative importance of the individual refugia
  
• 15.3. Discussion

16 Management Issues

17. Acknowledgements

18. Appendix by G.F. Griffin and G. Pearce: Identifying zones of sustained herbage greenness as refugia in arid and semi-arid areas

• 18.1. Introduction
  
• 18.2. Methods
  
• 18.3. Results
  
• 18.4. Conclusions

19. Literature Cited

20. Taxonomic Index

• 20.1. Plants
  
• 20.2. Invertebrates
  
• 20.3. Vertebrates

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