Publications
A report by M.D. Young, N. Gunningham, J. Elix, J. Lambert, B. Howard, P. Grabosky and E. McCrone
Prepared by CSIRO Division of Wildlife and Ecology, the Australian Centre for Environmental Law, and Community Solutions
January 1996
Biodiversity Series, Paper No. 9
Biodiversity Unit
Instruments available for biodiversity conservation and its ecologically sustainable use
Tax Policy Charges Financial Property Rights Leases &
Programs Licenses
Accelerated Tourist levies Management Tradeable Harvest
depreciation quotas licences
Exemption from Entry charges Grants Tradeable Breeding
local fishing licences
government shares
rates
Exemption from Royalties Compensation Development Export permits
capital gains payments rights
tax
Deductibility User fees Access to free Offset Conditional
of advice schemes resource
non-income security
producing
expenditure
Donations Hypothecation Subsidies Tradeable Bio-prospecting
clearing
rights
Rate rebates Tradeable
drainage
rights
Tradeable
easements
Easements and
covenants
Exclusive use
rights
Enforcement Bonds and Regulations Accreditation Empowerment
Deposits Schemes
Fines Security Harvesting Special Third party
deposits permits status rights to
agreements challenge
decisions
Forfeiture of Conditional Collecting Rights of
rights resource permits access
security to information
Director Assurance Clearing Labelling Comanagement
liability bonds permits
Audit Development Industry
zones accreditation
State of Precautionary Prizes
Environment standards
reporting
Precautionary Self
regulations regulation
Institutional Information Leverage Awards
Mechanisms Mechanisms
International Education Cross Awards and
agreements compliance Prizes
Extension Conditional
grant
State Research
agreements
Monitoring
Source: Adapted from Panayotou, T. (1994a) Economic instruments for environmental management and sustainable development. International Environment Program, Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard University, Massachusetts, USA. Rough Draft.