• Change text size
• Skip to content

Biodiversity

Threatened species

• About us
• Contact us

• Environment home
  • Atmosphere
  • Biodiversity
  • Coasts and marine
  • Heritage
  • Land
  • Parks and reserves
  • Human settlements
  • Water
  • EPBC Act
  • Arts and culture 

• Biodiversity
  • Australian Biological Resources Study
    • Databases and online resources
    • Eureka awards
    • Funding and Research
    • Other links
    • Publications
    • Site index
    • What’s new
    • Workshops and forums
  • Biodiversity hotspots
  • Conservation in regional planning
  • Conservation incentives
  • Access to Genetic Resources
    • Access to Biological Resources in Commonwealth areas
    • Access to Biological Resources in States and Territories
    • More about accessing Biological Resources
    • Permits - Accessing Biological Resources in Commonwealth Areas
    • Model Access and Benefit-Sharing Agreements
    • Related Web Sites
  • International issues
  • Invasive species
    • Diseases, fungi and parasites
    • Feral animals
    • Insects and other invertebrates
    • Links
    • Funded projects
  • Migratory species
    • List of migratory species
    • Migratory Waterbirds

• Threatened species and ecological communities
  • Nominations
  • Threatened species
  • Threatened ecological communities
  • Key threatening processes
  • Recovery plans
  • Conservation advices
  • Threat abatement plans
  • Threatened Species Scientific Committee

• • Wildlife trade
  • Publications
    • Australian Biological Resources Study
    • Threatened species and ecological communities
    • Wildlife trade and conservation

Acknowledgments

Special thanks must go to members of the Baw Baw Frog Reference Group (Peter Robertson, Graeme Watson, Murray Littlejohn, Graeme Gillespie and Brian Malone) for their input into the preparation and refinement of this Recovery Plan. Ann Jelinek, Gary Backhouse, Kylie White and Max James provided additional comment on the manuscript. Hans Van Elmpt kindly prepared vegetation and survey transect maps of the Baw Baw Plateau. Environment Australia and the Department of Natural Resources and Environment provided funds to support the preparation of this Recovery Plan.

References

• ANZECC (1995). Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council. List of Endangered Vertebrate Fauna. (ANCA: Canberra).
• Ayers, G. (1995). Acid air?: tracking acidification. Ecos 86, Summer 1995/96.
• Barker, J., Grigg, G.C. and Tyler, M.J. (1995). A Field Guide to Australian Frogs. Surrey Beatty and Sons.
• Bennett, S., Brereton, R., Mansergh, I., Berwick, S., Sandiford, K. and Wellington, C. (1991). Enhanced greenhouse climate change and its potential effect on selected Victorian fauna. Arthur Rylah Institute Technical Report No. 123. Department of Conservation and Environment.
• Barinaga, P.H. (1990). Where have all the froggies gone? Science 247: 1033-1034.
• Blaustein, A.R., Hoffman, P.D., Hokit, D.G., Kiesecker, J.M., Walls, S.C. and Hays, J.B. (1994). UV repair and resistance to solar UV-B in amphibian eggs: A link to population declines? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 1791-1795.
• Blaustein, A.R. and Wake, D.B. (1990). Declining amphibian populations: a global phenomenon? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5: 203-204.
• Blaustein, A.R., Wake, D.B. and Sousa, W.P. (1994). Amphibian declines: Judging stability, persistence, and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conservation Biology 8: 60-71.
• Blaustein, A.R., Hokit, D.G., O'Hara, R.K. and Holt, R.A. (1994). Pathogenic fungus contributes to amphibian losses in the pacific northwest. Biological Conservation 67: 251-254.
• Blumthaler, M. and Ambach, W. (1990). Indication of increasing solar ultraviolet B radiation flux in alpine regions. Science 248: 206-208.
• Braford, D.F. (1991). Mass mortality and extinction in a high-elevation population of Rana muscosa. Journal of Herpetology 25: 174-177.
• Bradford, D.F., Gordon, M.S., Johnson, D.F., Andrews, R.D. and Jennings, W.B. (1994). Acidic deposition as an unlikely cause for amphibian population declines in the Sierra Nevada, California. Biological Conservation 69: 155-161.
• Broomhall, S.D. (1997). Comparative Effects of Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) Radiation on Two Sympatric Species of Australian Anurans, Litoria verreauxii alpina and Crinia Signifera. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of honours in Applied Science. University of Canberra.
• CNR (1993). Baw Baw Frog (Philoria frosti) Action Statement No. 55. Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Victoria.
• Costin, A.B. (1954). A study of the ecosystems of the Monaro Region of New South Wales. 860 pp. (Govt. Printer:Sydney).
• Cogger, H.G. (1994). Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia (Rev. Ed.). Reed, Sydney.
• Crump, M.L., Hensley, F.R. and Clark, K.L. (1992). Apparent decline of the golden toad: Underground or extinct? Copeia 1992: 413-420.
• Czechura, G.V. and Ingram, G.J. (1990). Taudactylus diurnus and the case of the disappearing frogs. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 29: 361-365.
• DCE (1990). Central Gippsland Region Fire Protection Plan. Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.
• DCE (1991). Baw Baw National Park Resources and Uses. Department of Conservation and Environment, Central Gippsland Region, Victoria.
• DCE (1992). Baw Baw National Park Management Plan. Department of Conservation and Environment, Central Gippsland Region, Victoria.
• Duellman,W.E. and Trueb, L. (1986). Biology of Amphibians. McGraw-Hill, New York.
• Gillespie, G.R., Osborne, W.S. and McElhinney, N.A.(1995). The Conservation Status of Frogs in the Australian Alps: A Review. Report to the Australian Alps Liaison Committee. Unpubl.
• Gosner, K.L. (1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16:183-190.
• Grigg, G. and Barker (1995). Explanatory notes to frog calls of south-eastern Australia. Revised edition.
• Hollis, G.J. (1995). Reassessment of the distribution, abundance and habitat of the Baw Baw Frog Philoria frosti Spencer: Preliminary Findings. Victorian Naturalist 112(5): 190-201.
• Hunter, B.R., Carlson, D.L., Seppanen, E.D., Killian, P.S., McKinnell, B.K. and McKinnell, R.G. (1989). Are renal carcinomas increasing in Rana pipiens after a decade of reduced prevalence? Amer. Midl. Nat. 122(2): 307-312.
• La Marca, E. and Reinthaler, H.P. (1991). Population changes in Atelopus species of the Cordeillera de Merida, Venezuela. Herp Review 22: 125-128.
• Laurance, W.F., McDonald, K.R. and Speare, R. (1996). Epidemic disease and the catastrophic decline of Australian rainforest frogs. Conservation Biology 10(2): 406-413
• Littlejohn, M.J. (1963). The Breeding Biology of the Baw Baw Frog. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 88: 273-276.
• Malone, B.S. (1985a). Status, distribution and ecology of the Baw Baw Frog (Philoria frosti). Arthur Rylah Institute Technical Report No. 36. Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria.
• Malone, B.S. (1985b). Mortality during the early life history stages of the Baw Baw Frog (Philoria frosti). Pp 1-5 in'Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles'(Eds) G. Grigg, R. Shine and H. Ehmann. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney.
• Minchin, P.R. (1987). An evaluation of the relative robustness of techniques for ecological ordination. Vegetatio 69, 89-107.
• Minchin, P. R. (1991). DECODA database for ecological community data, documentation notes. Australian National University, Canberra.
• NRE (1997a). Threatened Fauna in Victoria. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.
• NRE (1997b). Central Highlands Draft Forest Management Plan. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.
• Osborne, W.S. (1990). Declining frog populations and extinctions in the Canberra region. Bogong 11: 4-7.
• Osborne, W.S. (1996). Recovery Plan for the Corroboree Frog (Pseudophryne corroboree). Unpublished report to the Australian Nature Conservation Agency, Canberra.
• Pechmann, J.H.K. and Wilbur, H.M. (1994). Putting declining amphibian populations into perspective: Natural fluctuations and human impacts. Herpetologica 50(1): 65 - 84
• Phillips, K. (1990). Where have all the frogs and toads gone? BioScience 40: 422-424.
• Pounds, J.A. and Crump, M.L. (1994). Amphibian declines and climate disturbance: The case of the golden toad and the harlequin frog. Conservation Biology 8: 72-85.
• Richards, S.J., McDonald, K.R. and Alford, R.A. (1993). Declines in populations of Australia's endemic tropical rainforest frogs. Pacific Conservation Biology 1: 66-77.
• Speare, R., Field, K., Kochler, J. and McDonald, K.R. (1994). 'Disappearing' Australian rainforest frogs: have we found the answer? Second International Conference of Herpetology, Adelaide.
• Spencer, B. (1901). Two new species of frogs from Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria Vol. xiii.
• Trenerry, M.P., Laurance, W.F. and McDonald, K.R. (1994). Further evidence for the precipitous decline of endemic rainforest frogs in tropical Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 1: 150-153.
• Tyler, M.J. (1991). Declining amphibians - a global phenomenon? An Australian perspective. Alytes 9: 43-45.
• Tyler, M.J. (1992). Encyclopedia of Australian Animals: Frogs. Angus and Robertson, Sydney.
• Tyler, M.J. (1997). The Action Plan for Australian Frogs. Environment Australia, Endangered Species Program. Canberra.
• Tyler, M.J. and Davies, M. (1985). The gastric brooding frog Rheobatrachus silus. pp 469-470 in 'Biology of Australasian Frogs and Reptiles'(Eds) G. Grigg, R. Shine and H. Ehmann. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney.
• Walsh, N.G., Barley, R.H. and Gullan, P.K. (1984). The alpine vegetation of Victoria (excluding the Bogong High Plains region), Volume 1. Ministry for Conservation, Victoria, Environmental Studies Series No. 376.
• Watson, G.F., Littlejohn, M.J., Gartside, D.F. and Loftus-Hills, J.J. (1985). The Litoria ewingi complex (Anura:Hylidae) in south-eastern Australia VIII. Hibridisation between L. ewingi and L. verreauxi alpina in the Mount Baw Baw area, south central Victoria. Australian Journal of Zoology 33(2): 143-152.
• Watson, G.F., Littlejohn, M.J., Hero, J-M. and Robertson, P. (1991). Conservation status, ecology and management of the Spotted Tree Frog (Litoria spenceri). Arthur Rylah Institute Technical Report No. 116. Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.
• Williamson, I. and Bull, C.M. (1994). Population ecology of the Australian frog Crinia signifera: Egg-laying patterns and mortality. Wildlife Research 21: 621-632
• Worrest, R.C. and Grant, L.D. (1989). Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on terrestrial plants and marine organisms. pp 197-206 in Ozone Depletion: Health and Environmental Consequences, eds. Russel, J. and Wigely, T. (Wiley, New York).
• Wyman, R.L. (1990). What's happening to the amphibians? Conservation Biology 4: 350-355.

• Next
• Contents
• Previous