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Electrical and Electronic Products Infrastructure Facilitation

Nolan-ITU
Prepared in association with Centre for Design at RMIT and Product Ecology Pty Ltd
Department of the Environment and Heritage, January, 2004

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Footnotes

  1. Resource NSW is now known as the Sustainable Programs Division of the Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW).
  2. Resource NSW is now known as the Sustainable Programs Division of the Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW).
  3. The average cost in Victoria is $20,000 - 30,000 per day in non-metropolitan areas and $50,000 in metropolitan areas, depending on quantities collected
  4. Meinhardt, Computer and Peripherals Material Project (2001), Report to The Department of the Environment and Heritage
  5. The Department of the Environment and Heritage (1999), Hazard Status of Waste Electrical and Electronic Assemblies of Scrap, Guidance Paper
  6. For example, what constitutes 'minor repair' could be better defined, packaging of products can affect their reuse potential (due to damage during shipping), and fully working products may be technically obsolete and therefore not suitable for reuse.
  7. This trial aimed to identify costs and barriers to recycling of used electronics, and involved both collection and reprocessing trials. The Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance in conjunction with Sony Electronics, Waste Management - Asset Recovery Group (WM-ARG), Panasonic and the American Plastics Council (APC), undertook the project.
  8. DEC, Consultation Paper: Extended Producer Responsibility Priority Statement, p 26
  9. Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance (MOEA) (2001), Recycling Used Electronics: Report on Minnesota's Demonstration Project, St Paul, Minnesota, p 54
  10. Back Through the Future Recycling Inc. (undated), 'The Challenges of Computer Recycling', http://www.thegreenpc.com/recyclin.htm
  11. Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance (MOEA) (2001) p 52
  12. Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance (MOEA) (2001), Recycling Used Electronics: Report on Minnesota's Demonstration Project, St Paul, Minnesota, p 57
  13. Halogenated flame-retardants are those containing bromine or chlorine
  14. Schiers, J. (1998) Polymer Recycling, Wiley, p 306
  15. Scanlon, K. (undated), Poison PCs and Toxic TVs, Report by Californians Against Waste, The Materials for the Future Foundation and Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition, US: p 17
  16. NICNAS (June 2001), Polybrominated Flame Retardants (PBFR), Priority Existing Chemical Assessment Report No. 20
  17. Marplex, http://www.marplex.com.au/fr_technical_information.htm
  18. Burgdorf, P. and Orth, P. (1997), Computer Housings in Material Recycling Loop, Application Technology Information, Bayer, http://bayerplastics.com/pdf/A0300DE.PDF
  19. AEEMA et al (2003), Beyond the Dead TV.
  20. METEC, http://www.matsushita.co.jp/environment/en/metec/index2.html
  21. PPO and PPE are similar resins that are blended with polystyrene and sold under the trade name 'Noryl'. PPE contains a higher percentage of polystyrene than PPO.
  22. Fisher, M. et al (2000), Characterization and Processing of Plastics from Minnesota's Demonstration Project for the Recovery of End-of-Life Electronics, Paper presented to Society of Plastics Engineers Annual recycling Conference, November 2000, Michigan
  23. Ian Holt, Marplex, pers. comm.
  24. Gunther Herzberg, TP Recyclers, pers. comm.
  25. Trevor Walton, Vision Plastics, pers. comm.
  26. Louis Chen, Polytrade, pers. comm.
  27. National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (2002), Demanufacturing of Electronic Equipment for Reuse and Recycling (DEER2) Technology and Demonstration Center, Final Information Report MNS Subtasks GL-07 Alternative Sorting Technologies, Washington, US
  28. See for example, C4ES (1999), Glass Market Development Strategy for Victoria, Report to EcoRecycle Victoria and Sagoe-Crentsil, K. Brown, T. and Taylor, A. (2001), Guide Specification: Recycled Glass as a Sand Replacement in Premix Concrete, CSIRO, Report to EcoRecycle Victoria
  29. http://retrosystems.com/CRTRECY.asp
  30. The Department of the Environment and Heritage (1999), Hazard Status of Waste Electrical and Electronic Assemblies of Scrap, Guidance Paper
  31. National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (2002) :3
  32. ICER, http://www.icer.org.uk/research.htm
  33. Sagoe-Crentsil, K. Brown, T. and Taylor, A. (2001), Guide Specification: Recycled Glass as a Sand Replacement in Premix Concrete, CSIRO, Report to EcoRecycle Victoria: p 9
  34. The Age, 23 May 2003: 7
  35. The average price received for lead in the 6 months to December 2002 was US$0.25/pound. This is equal to around AUD$1000 per tonne. With the increase in the value of the Australian dollar since then, the value has dropped to around AUD$840/tonne. The market value of US$0.25 cents/pound is fairly stable but exchange rate fluctuations tend to impact on price received in Australian dollars.
  36. National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (2002):3
  37. National Defense Center for Environmental Excellence (2002) :9
  38. EPA (US), Life Cycle Assessment of Desktop Computer Displays, Summary of Results (2001) Full report is available from http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/comp-dic/lca/all.htm
  39. Practical environmental protection Switzerland (Pusch)
  40. Ramsted, E. (2000), Where TVs go when they die , Wall Street Journal, New York, July 14 2000.
  41. Californians Against Waste, Materials for the Future Foundation, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition and Green Capitol (undated), Toxic TVs and Poison PCs: 4
  42. At time of report publication the Recycle IT! data was unavailable.
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