Atmosphere Theme Report

Australia State of the Environment Report 2001 (Theme Report)
Lead Author: Dr Peter Manins, Environmental Consulting and Research Unit, CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Authors
Published by CSIRO on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2001
ISBN 0 643 06746 9

Tables

Table 1 - Composition of the lower atmosphere
Table 2 - Typical concentrations of selected gases and air pollutants in dry air
Table 3 - Global warming potentials of greenhouse gases
Table 4 - Major air pollutants
Table 5 - Crop losses resulting from hailstorms
Table 6 - Drought relief payments from 1992 to 1999 ($ million)
Table 7 - Greenhouse gas contributions by sector, excluding forest and grassland conversion, 1998.
Table 8 - Change in total carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-e) emissions by gas, 1990 to 1998
Table 9 - Estimated CO₂ equivalent emissions from components of the land use change and forestry sector, 1990 to 1998
Table 10 - Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-e) emissions from forestry and other components of the land use change and forestry sector, 1990 to 1998
Table 11 - Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-e) emissions from forest and grassland conversion subsector, 1990 to 1998
Table 12 - Indicative Commonwealth expenditure (million dollars, $m) on climate-related activities, for the 1998-99 financial year
Table 13 - Phase-out of key ozone-depleting substances
Table 14 - CFCs, HCFCs and halons collected, recycled, stored and destroyed (tonnes and ODP tonnes) in Australia during 1993 to 1999
Table 15 - Required number of performance monitoring stations for Australian capital cities according to the Air NEPM formula
Table 16 - Number of sites at which air quality indicators are routinely monitored by states and territories as at June 2000
Table 17 - Smog pollution propensity of some Australian capital cities
Table 18 - Schedule 2 of the NEPM giving National Environment Protection Standards for ambient air quality
Table 19 - Sulfur content (ppm by weight) of leaded petrol, unleaded petrol (ULP), premium unleaded petrol (PULP) and diesel fuel
Table 20 - Analysis of 24-hour PM10 and 24-hour PM2.5 data for Melbourne from 1988 to 1996
Table 21 - Ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 based on episodic measurements
Table 22 - Recent and previous measurements of peak values of urban benzene and toluene concentrations in Australia
Case Study - Relationships between indoor and outdoor concentration of air pollutants
Table 23 - Complaints related to smoky vehicles in Victoria
Table 24 - Comparison of Australian Design Rules (ADRs) for motor vehicle emissions and observed emissions for Melbourne
Table 25 -Emission limits and timing for vehicles to meet Euro standards in Australia
Table 26 - Mean daily deaths by cause in Melbourne, January 1991 to August 1996 (n=2070)
Table 27 - Numbers of registered motor vehicles as at July 1998
Table 28 - Growth in Australian passenger car numbers and distance travelled by cars
Case Study - Hydrocarbon species within the air of the Sydney Harbour Tunnel
Table 29 - List of priority hazardous air pollutants
Table 30 - Estimated annual emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) from major sources in Australia Major city airsheds
Table 31 - Estimated annual emissions of lead (Pb) to air in regional Australia where emissions are greater than 1 t/y, compared with Port Phillip Region (Melbourne, Geelong).
Table 32 - Estimated regional annual emissions of NO_x and sources in regional Australia.
Table 33 - ANZECC goals for ambient concentrations of fluoride (g/m³)
Table 34 - Fluoride emissions from primary aluminium smelters in Australia
Table 35 - Benzene monitoring, Illawarra
Table 36 - Variability in area of prescribed burning and bushfires in southern Victoria (Port Phillip Study Region)